Revenge, Justice Systems, and Institutional Trust in Schools

Abstract

In 2011/12 English learner students were suspended or expelled at a similar rate as non-English learner students in elementary school but at a higher rate than non-English learner students in middle school and high school.• Averaged across all grades, aggression and insubordination/ disruption were the most common reasons why both English learner students and non-English learner students were suspended or expelled.• The average English learner student who was suspended lost 1.9 school days in elementary school, 3.5 days in middle school, and 4.9 days in high school; the average non-English learner student who was suspended lost 2.3 days in elementary school, 3.3 days in middle school, and 4.1 days in high school.• On average, English learner students who were suspended or expelled had lower achievement on state assessments in reading and math than English learner students who were not suspended or expelled.