We describe Crustwater, a statistical mechanical model
of nonpolar
solvation in water. It treats bulk water using the Cage Water model
and introduces a
crust
, i.e., a solvation shell of coordinated partially
structured waters. Crustwater is analytical and fast to compute. We
compute here solvation vs temperature over the liquid range, and vs
pressure and solute size. Its thermal predictions are as accurate
as much more costly explicit models such as TIP4P/2005. This modeling
gives new insights into the hydrophobic effect: (1) that oil–water
insolubility in cold water is due to solute–water (SW) translational
entropy and not water–water (WW) orientations, even while hot
water is dominated by WW cage breaking, and (2) that a size transition
at the Angstrom scale, not the nanometer scale, takes place as previously
predicted.