Reverse 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (rT<sub>3</sub>) Enhances Hyperglycemic and Lipemic Effects of Heat-Stress in Chickens

Bobek, Samo; Sechman, Andrzej; Wieczorek, E; Wronska‐Fortuna, D.; Koziec, K; Niezgoda, J.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-979031

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our current results are similar to fi ndings in heat-stressed pigs (Becker et al, 1992) and cows (Ronchi et al, 1999;Shwartz et al, 2009). In contrast to our results, previous studies indicated an increase in blood glucose concentrations in poultry (Bobek et al, 1997), rabbits (Marder et al, 1990), and pigs (Prunier et al, 1997). Reasons for the discrepancies in blood glucose (and other measures in the current study) in a myriad of studies may be due to the severity (both extent and acute vs. chronic) of the heat load, physiological state, and nutritional status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1

Pearce

Gabler

Ross

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

255

256

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Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes pig health, reduces performance variables, and results in a fatter carcass. Whether HS directly or indirectly (via reduced feed intake) is responsible for the suboptimal production is not known. Crossbred gilts (n = 48; 35 ± 4 kg BW) were housed in constantly climate-controlled rooms in individual pens and exposed to 1) thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20°C; 35% to 50% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 18), 2) HS conditions (35°C; 20% to 35% humidity) with ad libitum intake (n = 24), or 3) pair-fed [PF in TN conditions (PFTN), n = 6, to eliminate confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake (FI)]. Pigs in the TN and HS conditions were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 d of environmental exposure, whereas the PFTN pigs were sacrificed after 7 d of experimental conditions. Individual rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiration rates (RR), and FI were determined daily. Pigs exposed to HS had an increase (P < 0.01) in Tr (39.3°C vs. 40.8°C) and a doubling in RR (54 vs. 107 breaths per minute). Heat-stressed pigs had an immediate (d 1) decrease (47%; P < 0.05) in FI, and this magnitude of reduction continued through d 7; by design the nutrient intake pattern for the PFTN controls mirrored the HS group. By d 7, the TN and HS pigs gained 7.76 and 1.65 kg BW, respectively, whereas the PFTN pigs lost 2.47 kg BW. Plasma insulin was increased (49%; P < 0.05) in d 7 HS pigs compared with PFTN controls. Compared with TN and HS pigs, on d 7 PFTN pigs had increased plasma NEFA concentrations (110%; P < 0.05). Compared with TN and PFTN controls, on d 7 circulating N(τ)-methylhistidine concentrations were increased (31%; P < 0.05) in HS pigs. In summary, despite similar nutrient intake, HS pigs gained more BW and had distinctly different postabsorptive bioenergetic variables compared with PFTN controls. Consequently, these heat-induced metabolic changes may in part explain the altered carcass phenotype observed in heat-stressed pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1

Pearce

Gabler

Ross

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

255

256

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“…The present and previous results (Bobek et al., 1996, 1997) indicate that rT 3 participates in lipid metabolism. However, the question arises why in stress situations such as heat stress (Bobek et al., 1996, 1997) and following treatment with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (Bobek et al., 2000), exogenous rT 3 leads to potentiation of hyperlipaemia. At this time, we are unable to explain the difference in the mode of rT 3 action.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…However, so far the physiological role of rT 3 has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, the former results are not consistent and do not fully explain the hypometabolic effect of rT 3 (Segal, 1989; Bobek et al., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Reverse T 3 (Calbiochem‐Novabiochem AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 14 μg/100 g body weight; control chickens received saline. The dose of rT 3 applied in these experiments was the same as described previously (Bobek et al., 1996, 1997). Since rT 3 disappeared rapidly from the circulation (Köhrle et al., 1982; Pearce et al., 1985), as could be deduced from the half‐time of rT 3 in the blood plasma of chickens: 43.7 ± 1.98 min (cf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reverse 3,3′,5′‐Triiodothyronine Suppresses Increase in Free Fatty Acids in Chickens Elicited by Dexamethasone or Adrenaline

Bobek

Sechman

Niezgoda

et al. 2002

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) displays hypometabolic properties and antagonizes the hypermetabolic effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). Previous experiments revealed that exogenous rT3 enhanced free fatty acids (FFA) in heat-stressed pullets and in chickens infected with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. To gain more data concerning the action of rT3, its effect on lipaemia produced by two main stress hormones: glucocorticoids and catecholamines, has been investigated. Synthetic glucocorticoid [dexamethasone (Dex)] and adrenaline (Adr) were used in two experiments. The experiments differed in duration, i.e. 24 h (Dex) or 150 min (Adr), and frequency of rT3 injections, i.e. two (Dex) or single (Adr) injections. The doses of hormones were as follows: rT3: 14 microg 100 g body weight/ injection (subcutaneously): Dex: 5 mg/animal (subcutaneously) and Adr: 1 mg/animal (intramuscularly). Maximal increases in FFA of 230.5 and 227.5% were noted after 1.5 and 3 h, respectively, in birds treated with Dex. Reverse T3 almost completely suppressed the rise of plasma FFA elicited by Dex. The increase in Dex + rT3-treated fowl was only 30.4% (not significant in comparison to control). Adr increased FFA by a maximum of 89.1 % and treatment with rT3 (Adr + rT3 group) suppressed this FFA increase to 42.5%. The data obtained demonstrate that rT3 suppresses lipaemia induced by an exogenous glucocorticoid and adrenaline. This suppression was more pronounced in glucocorticoid-treated birds, where Dex produced a higher lipolytic response than Adr.

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“…Heat stress induces increased circulating glucose in chickens (Bobek et al, 1997;Garriga et al, 2006), rabbits (Marder et al, 1990), sows , and exercising men (Fink et al, 1975;Febbraio, 2001). Accordingly, when humans exercise under high ambient temperature there is an increase in hepatic glucose output and increased glucose utilization at the expense of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) oxidation (Fink et al, 1975;Febbraio, 2001).…”

Section: Effects Of Hs On Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on metabolism, inflammation, and production parameters in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs

Lozano¹,

Edith²

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Reverse 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (rT₃) Enhances Hyperglycemic and Lipemic Effects of Heat-Stress in Chickens

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1

The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1

Reverse 3,3′,5′‐Triiodothyronine Suppresses Increase in Free Fatty Acids in Chickens Elicited by Dexamethasone or Adrenaline

Effects of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on metabolism, inflammation, and production parameters in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs

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Reverse 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (rT3) Enhances Hyperglycemic and Lipemic Effects of Heat-Stress in Chickens

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1

The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs1

Reverse 3,3′,5′‐Triiodothyronine Suppresses Increase in Free Fatty Acids in Chickens Elicited by Dexamethasone or Adrenaline

Effects of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on metabolism, inflammation, and production parameters in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs

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Reverse 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (rT₃) Enhances Hyperglycemic and Lipemic Effects of Heat-Stress in Chickens