“…When there is a perpendicular incidence structure of the TM mode wave, the free electrons and the incident wave satisfy the resonance conditions to form the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), 27,28 and the energy is bound on the metal surface at the time of resonance. The surface waves generated by the SPR are directed to the surface and corners to further confine the energy, resulting in a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) 29 and further enhancement of the electric field at the metal surface. In addition, the coupling between the LSPR and the cavity resonance at the gap between the periodic cells also widens the absorption bandwidth and increases the absorption rate.…”