“…Externalities of globalisation have been substantially documented in recent African development literature, inter alia: (i) the welfare (Makochekanwa, 2014), growth (KummerNoormamode, 2014;Tumwebaze & Ijjo, 2015), employment (Anyanwu, 2014;Foster-McGregor et al, 2015) and trade (Shuaibu, 2015) implications of growing openness; (ii) reverse foreign direct investment (FDI) from Africa to Europe (Barros et al, 2014) and (iii) financial implications of macroeconomic shocks (Nguena & Nanfosso, 2014).…”