Reverse genetic approaches for the development of Zika vaccines and therapeutics

Innate Immunity Modulation during Zika Virus Infection on Pregnancy: What We Still Need to Know for Medical Sciences Breakthrough

“…In general, pregnancy is a challenge for prevention and control infectious diseases regard to a safe drug or vaccine development to do not disturb the innate/adaptive [113][114][115] Innate Immunity Modulation during Zika Virus Infection on Pregnancy: What We Still Need… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94861 immunity homeostasis, however, there were no drugs approved for ZIKV infection treatment [28][29][30]. Here, drugs and vaccines candidates tested in animal models or in newborns will be described with details ( Table 1).…”

“…In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrate that trophoblastic cells become progressively more resistant to infection by ZIKV during pregnancy, partly through the secretion of IFNs [26]. In this context, a lot of efforts were raised to provide funds to deeply investigate how to avoid another spread of Zika virus infection, as well as drugs tests and vaccine development based on viral proteins, DNA vaccines, Virus Like Particles (VLP), chimeric viruses, among other strategies [27][28][29][30]. Therefore, there are few studies to investigate the pregnancy immunity and how the immune interface mother-to-child could contribute to infection spread with drastic consequences to fetus [21,[31][32][33][34].…”

Construction of Stable Reporter Flaviviruses and Their Applications

“…The genome’s single open reading frame is flanked, on both the 5′ and 3′ ends, by an untranslated region (UTR) that, among other functions, contain signals, such as a cyclization sequence, that are critical for RNA replication (reviewed in [ 9 ], Figure 1 B). The cloning and subsequent manipulation and experimentation of flavivirus genomes has resulted in a greater understanding of the viral and host determinants of infection in both mammalian and insect hosts [ 10 ] as well as paved the way for designed vaccines [ 11 , 12 ] and tools, such as replicons [ 13 ] and reporter viruses. Reporter viruses enable simple, rapid, and high-throughput quantification of viruses in a variety of settings and applications, making them powerful tools for research, diagnosis, and medicine.…”