“…One of the potential solution to treat end-of-life products is RSC which has been attracted an increasing number of research activies (Sinha-Khetriwal et al, 2005;Saphores et al, 2012;Bouvier and Wagner, 2011;Li and Tee, 2012;Nagurney and Toyasaki, 2005;Kilic et al, 2015;Grunow and Gobbi, 2009;Shih, 2001;Menikpura et al, 2014;Niknejad and Petrovic, 2014;Rajagopalan and Liles, 2006;Amer et al, 2011). Most studies mainly consider the total cost for processing end-of-life products across RSC (Achillas et al, 2010;Dat et al, 2012;Phuc et al, 2013;Niknejad and Petrovic, 2014;Demirel et al, 2016;Fleischmann et al, 2001) and apply Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to their models (John et al, 2017).…”