Reverse‐Micelle‐Induced Porous Pressure‐Sensitive Rubber for Wearable Human–Machine Interfaces

Jung, Sungmook; Kim, Ji Hoon; Kim, Jaemin; Choi, Suji; Lee, Jongsu; Park, Inhyuk; Hyeon, Taeghwan; Kim, Dae‐Hyeong

doi:10.1002/adma.201401364

Cited by 589 publications

(497 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Flexible and/or stretchable tactile sensors based on various micro/nano materials and structures have been the focus of intense study [6][7][8][9][10][11] . In particular, pressure-sensitive rubbers (PSRs) are used as resistive elements that respond to tensile strains [12][13][14] , which can be integrated with flexible organic electronics [15][16][17][18] and nanomaterial-based (nanowires 19 and nanotubes 20 ) transistors. However, conventional PSRs have modest response times and undergo significant hysteresis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stretchable silicon nanoribbon electronics for skin prosthesis

et al. 2014

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Sensory receptors in human skin transmit a wealth of tactile and thermal signals from external environments to the brain. Despite advances in our understanding of mechano-and thermosensation, replication of these unique sensory characteristics in artificial skin and prosthetics remains challenging. Recent efforts to develop smart prosthetics, which exploit rigid and/or semi-flexible pressure, strain and temperature sensors, provide promising routes for sensor-laden bionic systems, but with limited stretchability, detection range and spatiotemporal resolution. Here we demonstrate smart prosthetic skin instrumented with ultrathin, single crystalline silicon nanoribbon strain, pressure and temperature sensor arrays as well as associated humidity sensors, electroresistive heaters and stretchable multi-electrode arrays for nerve stimulation. This collection of stretchable sensors and actuators facilitate highly localized mechanical and thermal skin-like perception in response to external stimuli, thus providing unique opportunities for emerging classes of prostheses and peripheral nervous system interface technologies.

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confidence: 99%

Stretchable silicon nanoribbon electronics for skin prosthesis

et al. 2014

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“…Reproduced with permission. [26] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advhealthmat.de electrodes, PU as the gate dielectric and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets/PU nanocomposite as the thermoresistive channel layer. [47] Owing to the enhanced electron hopping across the rGO nanosheet junctions at increasing temperature, the I DS increases with the temperature.…”

Section: Wearable Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25] Porous structures such as sponge and foam were also employed to improve the stretchability. [26][27][28] Figure 1d presents a printed pattern based on CNT-filled elastomer with porous structure. [26] The porous structure was induced by evaporating the added reverse micelles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28] Figure 1d presents a printed pattern based on CNT-filled elastomer with porous structure. [26] The porous structure was induced by evaporating the added reverse micelles. The porous structure improves the stretchability and decreases the modulus of the conductive elastomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct spinning of CNTs onto a substrate or into yarns [53][54][55] and electrospinning of nanofibers or NWs were reported to produce fiber-like nanomaterials. [56][57][58][59] In addition, novel direct printing or writing techniques [60,61] such as inkjet printing, [62] gravure printing, [63,64] screen printing, [65][66][67] nozzle jet printing, [26] and direct writing [68,69] enabled the fabrication of wearable sensors that possess complex patterns with high resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

469

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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