Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of ionogenic compounds: comparison of retention models

Janoš, Pavel; Škoda, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00837-7

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Transparency International and World Governance Indicator indices prove that the level of corruption is very high among the CIS countries as this region remains among the worst scorers every year. As discussed in the previous literature, including Easterly and Levine (2003), Hall and Jones (1999), and Kaufmann, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobatón (1999), low institutional quality negatively affects per capita income. This could be explained by the fact that low institutional quality leads to inefficient resource allocation, innovation inhibition, and investment reduction (Mauro 1995;Mo 2001;Murphy, Shleifer, and Vishny 1993).…”

Section: The Negative Effect Of Trade Openness On Economic Growth In mentioning

confidence: 85%

Does trade openness convey a positive impact for the environmental quality? Evidence from a panel of CIS countries

Nataliia

Yoo

et al. 2019

Eurasian Geography and Economics

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The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis suggests that sustainable economic growth can be achieved in transitional countries after the threshold level of per capita income. And trade openness is also one of the critical factors to help transitional economies reduce carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth simultaneously through the combination of scale, composition, and technique effects. This paper is designed to explore the effect of trade openness on the environmental quality and investigate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for a panel of CIS countries over the period of 2000-2013. The two-equation model is used to estimate the direct effect of trade openness on CO2 emissions and the indirect effect via per capita income. The instrumental variable techniques are employed to consider for endogeneity of per capita income and trade openness to estimate the indirect effect, and GLS analysis is conducted to estimate the direct effect of trade openness on CO2 emissions. The result shows that trade openness increases CO2 emissions directly while indirectly decreasing it due to its negative effect on per capita income. This study provides multiple policy implications for the sample countries to help them achieve sustainable economic growth while improving environmental quality.

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Section: The Negative Effect Of Trade Openness On Economic Growth In mentioning

confidence: 85%

Does trade openness convey a positive impact for the environmental quality? Evidence from a panel of CIS countries

Nataliia

Yoo

et al. 2019

Eurasian Geography and Economics

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“…For the reversed-phase separation of ionizable compounds, the starting point is usually the optimization of the mobile-phase pH. Models predicting the sigmoidal dependence between ln k as a function of pH with an inflection point that should correspond to the p K a of the solute have been theoretical proposed and experimentally corroborated. − All these studies were carried out under isothermal conditions. However, in an RPLC chromatographic system and at an eluent pH close to the p K a of the solute, the dependence of ionization of both buffer acid component and solute on temperature might be used to develop and improve separations involving ionizable solutes by an adequate adjustment of column temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling Retention and Selectivity as a Function of pH and Column Temperature in Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2006

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In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), the retention of weak acids and bases is a sigmoidal function of the mobile-phase pH. Therefore, pH is a key chromatographic variable to optimize retention and selectivity. Furthermore, at an eluent pH close to the pKa of the solute, the dependence of ionization of the buffer and solute on temperature can be used to improve chromatographic separations involving ionizable solutes by an adequate handling of column temperature. In this paper, we derive a general equation for the prediction of the retentive behavior of ionizable compounds upon simultaneous changes in mobile-phase pH and column temperature. Four experiments, two limiting pH values and two temperatures, provide the input data that allow predictions in the whole range of these two variables, based on the thermodynamic fundamentals of the involved equilibria. Also, the study demonstrates the significant role that the choice of the buffer compound would have on selectivity factors in RPLC at temperatures higher than 25 degrees C.

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“…Models predicting that plots of ln k as a function of pH will be sigmoidal with an inflection point corresponding to the pK a of the solute have been theoretical deduced and experimentally corroborated [13]. These models were subsequently extended to predict retention as a function of pH, ionic strength and solvent composition [14][15][16][17]. Rosés and Bosch [18] and Espinosa et al [19] have critically demonstrated that these sigmoidal functions refer always to the solvent system used as mobile phase, not to the pK a values in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of temperature on the chromatographic retention of ionizable compounds

Gagliardi

Castells

Ràfols

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography A

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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of ionogenic compounds: comparison of retention models

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Does trade openness convey a positive impact for the environmental quality? Evidence from a panel of CIS countries

Does trade openness convey a positive impact for the environmental quality? Evidence from a panel of CIS countries

Modeling Retention and Selectivity as a Function of pH and Column Temperature in Liquid Chromatography

Effect of temperature on the chromatographic retention of ionizable compounds

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