Reversed sexual size dimorphism: body size patterns in sexes of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Ganbold, Onolragchaa; Reading, Richard P.; Wingard, Ganchimeg; Paek, Woon Kee; Tsolmonjav, Purevsuren; Jargalsaikhan, Ariunbold; Khuderchuluun, Otgontsetseg; Azua, John

doi:10.1016/j.japb.2019.04.003

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At inter-population level, especially with some biometric traits, sexual dimorphism in the present study favoured male animals. This concurs with the established literature that males generally possess larger body sizes than females in normal sexual size dimorphism in birds [ 61 ]. The differential rate and duration of growth by the sexes may be responsible for the present observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

et al. 2022

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This study was conducted to characterise phenotypically helmeted Guinea fowls in three agro-ecologies in Nigeria using multivariate approach. Eighteen biometric characters, four morphological indices and eleven qualitative physical traits were investigated in a total of 569 adult birds (158 males and 411 females). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney U and Dunn-Bonferroni tests for post hoc, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Univariate Analysis, Canonical Discriminant Analysis, Categorical Principal Component Analysis and Decision Trees were employed to discern the effects of agro-ecological zone and sex on the morphostructural parameters. Agro-ecology had significant effect (P<0.05; P<0.01) on all the colour traits. In general, the most frequently observed colour phenotype of Guinea fowl had pearl plumage colour (54.0%), pale red skin colour (94.2%), black shank colour (68.7%), brown eye colour (49.7%), white earlobe colour (54.8%) and brown helmet colour (72.6%). The frequencies of helmet shape and wattle size were significantly influenced (P<0.01) by agro-ecology and sex. Overall, birds from the Southern Guinea Savanna zone had significantly higher values (P<0.05) for most biometric traits compared to their Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest counterparts. They were also more compact (120.00 vs. 110.00 vs. 107.69) but had lesser condition index (7.66 vs. 9.45 vs. 9.30) and lower long-leggedness (19.71 vs. 19.23 vs. 9.51) than their counterparts from the two other zones. Sexual dimorphism (P<0.05) was in favour of male birds especially those in Southern Guinea Savanna and Sudano-Sahelian zones. However, the MCA and discriminant analysis revealed considerable intermingling of the qualitative physical traits, biometric traits and body indices especially between the Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest birds. In spite of the high level of genetic admixture, the Guinea fowl populations could to a relative extent be distinguished using wing length, body length and eye colour. Generally, the birds from the three zones appeared to be more homogeneous than heterogeneous in nature. However, further complementary work on genomics will guide future selection and breeding programs geared towards improving the productivity, survival and environmental adaptation of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowls in the tropics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

et al. 2022

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“…The differences may be attributed to genetics, age, physiological stage of the birds, location and management systems employed by the poultry keepers. According to This concurs with the established literature that males generally possess larger body sizes than females in normal sexual size dimorphism in birds [68]. The differential rate and duration of growth by the sexes may be responsible for the present observations.…”

Section: Decision Trees Of the Data Miningsupporting

confidence: 92%

Multivariate Characterization of Morpho-biometric Traits of Indigenous Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

Yakubu

Jegede

Wheto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study was embarked upon to characterise phenotypically helmeted guinea fowls in three agro-ecologies in Nigeria using multivariate approach. Eighteen biometric characters, four morphological indices and eleven qualitative (phaneroptic) traits were investigated in a total of 569 adult birds (158 males and 411 females). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney U test for post hoc, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), General Linear Model, Canonical Discriminant Analysis, Categorical Principal Component Analysis and Decision Trees were employed to discern the effects of agro-ecological zone and sex on the morphostructural parameters. Agro-ecology had significant effect (P<0.05; P <0.01) on all the colour traits. In general, the most frequently observed colour phenotype of guinea fowl had pearl plumage colour (54.0%), pale red skin colour (94.2%), black shank colour (68.7%), brown eye colour (49.7%), white earlobe colour (54.8%) and brown helmet colour (72.6%). The frequencies of helmet shape and wattle size were significantly influenced (P <0.01) by agro-ecology and sex. Overall, birds from the Southern Guinea Savanna zone had significantly higher values (P <0.05) for most biometric traits compared to their Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest counterparts. They were also more compact (120.83±1.61 vs. 113.96±0.97 vs. 111.33±1.19) and had lesser condition index (8.542±0.17 vs. 9.92±0.10 vs. 9.61±0.13) than their counterparts in the two other zones. The interaction between agro-ecology and sex had significant effect (P <0.05) on some quantitative variables. The MCA and discriminant analysis revealed considerable intermingling of the phaneroptic, biometric traits and body indices especially between the Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest birds. Inspite of the high level of genetic admixture, the guinea fowl populations could best be distinguished using wing length, body length and eye colour. However, further complementary work on genomics will guide future selection and breeding programmes geared towards improving the productivity, survival and environmental adaptation of indigenous helmeted guinea fowls in the tropics.

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“…Evidently, in this study, for most biometric traits, sexual dimorphism favoured male ducks. Therefore, this result agrees with the scientific literary consensus that in birds, males are known to have larger body sizes than females (Ganbold et al, 2019). This difference in body weight and measurements could be due to the male ducks having a higher feed conversion efficiency than their female counterparts.…”

Section: Distribution Of Ducks Among Different Geographical Locationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Characterising the Phenotypic Variability of Locally Adapted Muscovy Ducks (Cairina Moschata) in Nigeria

OSAIYUWU,

ADEYINKA,

COKER

et al. 2023

Slovak J. Anim. Sci.

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While there are studies that describe the biometric traits and phenotypic variations in Muscovy ducks in Nigeria, there are limited studies that employ a multivariate approach to depict the phenotypic variability of Muscovy ducks in Nigeria. Therefore, this study aimed to explicate genetic variabilities within C. moschata using qualitative and biometric traits. This study used a multivariate statistical method to phenotypically characterise locally adapted Muscovy duck populations from seven ecogeographical locations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Four qualitative traits (eye colour, bill colour, bean colour and shank colour) and eleven biometric traits (head length, neck length, body length, wings length, shank length, toe length, thigh length, bill length, breast length, breast width and bodyweight) were evaluated in 201 ducks (109 males and 92 females). To study the possible effects of geographical locations on selected phenotypes, frequency distribution, univariate analysis, stepwise and canonical discriminant analyses and cluster analysis were performed. The association between body weight (BWT) and other biometric traits was assessed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Male ducks (drakes) were generally more abundant than female ducks (hens). The most prevalent colour traits of locally adapted Muscovy ducks were brown eye colour (70.65 %), black bean colour (62.69 %), pinkish white bill colour (45.27 %) and grey shank colour (56.22 %). Overall, ecogeographical location did not significantly affect (p < 0.05) the measured biometric traits. However, across all locations, the sexual dimorphism was favourable in male ducks, with respect to biometric traits. Stepwise-canonical discriminant analysis revealed a substantial intermixing of biometric traits, especially in Molete, Oje, Adogba and Ajibode ducks. Similarly, the cluster analysis, although it separated the birds into different clusters, showed some level of admixture. The small Mahalanobis distance (0.61 − 3.88) suggested that, with respect to location, there was more morphological similarity than dissimilarity between ducks. The correlation analysis revealed that the body weight of ducks can be fairly estimated from other biometric traits due to their positive, statistically significant correlation. In general, the ducks from all seven ecogeographical locations were rather homogeneous than heterogeneous.

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Reversed sexual size dimorphism: body size patterns in sexes of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

Multivariate Characterization of Morpho-biometric Traits of Indigenous Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Characterising the Phenotypic Variability of Locally Adapted Muscovy Ducks (Cairina Moschata) in Nigeria

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