Reversibility of the effects on blood cells, lipids, liver function and hormones in former anabolic–androgenic steroid abusers

Urhausen, Axel; Albers, Torsten; Kindermann, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00105-5

Cited by 90 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with previous studies (El-Moghazy et al, 2012;Tousson et al, 2013). Moreover, similar results were recorded on AAS abuse (Urhausen et al, 2003). These results are also consistent with Welder et al (1995) who cited that AAS have toxic effects in primary rat hepatic cultures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Boldenone-induced apoptotic, structural, and functional alterations in the liver of rabbits

2015

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Boldenone undecylenate (BOL) is an anabolic androgenic steroid used in livestock to improve growth and food conversion. This study investigated the actions of BOL on structure and functions of rabbit liver as well as the effects of its withdrawal. Eighteen mature male New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: Control group (n=6) were injected with 0.25 mL corn oil/kg body weight (BW), while BOL group (n=12) received 3 intramuscular injections, 2 wk apart, of BOL (4.5 mg/kg BW). Animals were scarified 1 d after last injection except for 6 rabbits from BOL group that served as the BOL-withdrawal group (4 wk after the 3 rd injection). Intramuscular injection of BOL increased (P<0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) level, but markedly lowered activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration compared to both control and BOL-withdrawal groups. Treatment with BOL significantly (P<0.05) increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the control group. BOL injection caused different histopathological alterations and apoptosis in liver, but these changes were less evident in the BOL-withdrawal group. Expression of p53 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes was up regulated in BOL compared to control group, while the expressions of p53 and TNF-α were down regulated in BOL-withdrawal group in comparison with BOL group. In conclusion, BOL injection induced structural and functional changes in the liver of rabbits, increasing oxidative stress and mediators of apoptosis such as ROS, p53 and TNF-α. All these parameters returned to near the control values after withdrawal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Boldenone-induced apoptotic, structural, and functional alterations in the liver of rabbits

2015

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“…67 Thrombocytosis has been reported in abusers of anabolic steroids, 68 and increases in platelet counts have been observed in patients receiving androgen treatment for aplastic anemia. 10 Testosterone increases human platelet aggregation responses via increases in human platelet A2 receptor density, 68 and it has been speculated that this may contribute to the thrombogenicity of anabolic steroids.…”

Section: Effects Of Androgens On White Blood Cells and Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological changes during androgen deprivation therapy

Grossmann¹,

Zajac²

2012

Asian J Androl

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with a plethora of adverse effects, consistent with the androgen dependency of multiple reproductive and somatic tissues. One such tissue is the hemopoietic system, and one of the most predictable consequences of ADT is the development of anemia. Although anemia caused by ADT is rarely severe, ADT is often given to frail, elderly men with increased susceptibility to anemia due to multiple other causes. ADT-associated anemia may contribute to fatigue and reduced quality of life (QoL) in such men, although this requires further study. While anemia is an independent risk factor of mortality in men with prostate cancer, it is not known whether treatment of ADT-associated anemia alters clinically important outcomes, or whether treatment affects mortality. Awareness of the phenomenon of ADT-induced anemia should avoid unnecessary work-up in mild cases of normocytic normochromic anemia. However, assessment and treatment of more severe anemia may be required. This should be determined on an individual basis. In contrast to the well-described actions of ADT on erythropoiesis, its effect on other hemopoietic lineages has been less well elucidated. While preclinical studies have found roles for androgens in maturation and differentiated function of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, the implications of these findings for men with prostate cancer receiving ADT require further studies.

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“…Urhausen et al estudaram a reversibilidade dos efeitos do uso dos esteroides anabolizantes em inúmeras variáveis, entre elas, algumas enzimas associadas à função hepática. Nesse sentido, ficou evidenciado que, com o uso de esteroides, houve elevação dos níveis de CK, CK fração miocárdica, GGT (20) . Em nosso estudo, também observamos elevação dos níveis de CK, em ambos os grupos, treinados e treinados com o uso dos esteroides anabolizantes.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

Venâncio¹,

Nóbrega

Tufik

et al. 2010

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOO uso dos esteroides anabolizantes vem se tornando um problema de saúde pública ao longo dos últimos anos. No bojo do uso abusivo, muitos efeitos deletérios são observados, na sua totalidade por disfunções dos vários sistemas fisiológicos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi o de avaliar o eixo hipófise-gonadal, a função hormonal, as transaminases hepáticas e o perfil de hemograma de 61 voluntários distribuídos em três grupos: 20 usuários de esteroides anabolizantes praticantes de exercício físico resistido, 21 praticantes de exercício resistido sem uso de esteroides anabolizantes e 20 sedentários. Foi observada elevação do nível de creatina quinase nos dois grupos de indivíduos que se exercitavam de maneira resistida, em relação ao grupo de sedentários (p < 0,001). Redução das gonadotrofinas LH e FSH do grupo de usuários de esteroides anabolizantes e elevação do nível de estradiol, em comparação ao grupo sedentário e treinado que não usa esteroides anabolizantes (p < 0,001). Ainda, foi observada redução da fração HDL do colesterol, em relação aos dois grupos estudados (p < 0,001). Desta maneira, o uso dos esteroides anabolizantes causa alterações bioquímicas que podem levar a instalação de efeitos colaterais.Palavras-chave: esteróides anabolizantes, exercício físico resistido, efeitos adversos. ABSTRACTThe use of anabolic asteroids has become a public health problem over the last years. Concerning their abusive use, many deleterious effects caused in their totality by dysfunction of the various physiological systems can be observed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the hypophyseal-gonadal axis, hormone function, hepatic transaminases and hemogram profile of 61 volunteers distributed in three groups: 20 anabolic steroid users, practitioners of resisted physical exercise; 21 practitioners of resisted physical exercise with no use of anabolic steroids and 20 sedentary subjects. Increase of the creatine kinase level was observed in the two exercised groups in comparison to the sedentary group (p < 0.001). Reduction of the LH and FSH gonadotrpins of the steroid users group and increase in the estradiol level were observed in comparison to the sedentary and with no steroid use groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, reduction of the HDL cholesterol fraction was observed in comparison to the two studied groups (p < 0.001). Thus, the use of anabolic steroids causes biochemical alterations which can lead to the installation of collateral effects.

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Reversibility of the effects on blood cells, lipids, liver function and hormones in former anabolic–androgenic steroid abusers

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Boldenone-induced apoptotic, structural, and functional alterations in the liver of rabbits

Boldenone-induced apoptotic, structural, and functional alterations in the liver of rabbits

Hematological changes during androgen deprivation therapy

Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

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