Reversible CD4+ T Lymphocyte Depletion in a Patient Who Had Disseminated Histoplasmosis and Who Was Not Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Persistent nodal histoplasmosis in nuclear factor kappa B essential modulator deficiency: Report of a case and review of infection in primary immunodeficiencies

“…Cases of ICL were included in this review because disseminated histoplasmosis itself can cause CD4 lymphocytopenia due to bone marrow infiltration, and successful treatment of histoplasmosis can restore CD4 T cell counts (9). In many cases, sequential measurements of cell counts before and after infections support the diagnoses of ICL; however, CD4 lymphocytopenia subsequent to uncontrolled histoplasmosis may be misinterpreted as the predisposing condition to disseminated histoplasmosis, and another immune defect may be overlooked.…”

Histoplasma-associated inflammatory pseudotumour of the kidney mimicking renal carcinoma

“…Although, low CD4 counts predisposing to symptomatic and disseminated histoplasmosis may result from HIV infection or may be idiopathic. It has also been demonstrated that CD4 depletion may result from Histoplasma infection; anti-fungal treatment of a patient with disseminated histoplasmosis resulted in restoration of CD4 counts [17].…”

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided cytodiagnosis of adrenal histoplasmosis with reversible cd4 t-lymphocytopenia and jejunal lymphangiectasia

“…Posttreatment reversal of CD4 lymphocytopenia has been described in tuberculosis, but only in two earlier reports of disseminated histoplasmosis. [ 4 5 ] Pooling of CD4 T-lymphocytes at the sites of active infection or granulomatous response resulting in relative peripheral CD4 lymphocytopenia, or a cytokine-mediated suppressive effect, as described for tuberculosis,[ 6 ] may also apply for another similar macrophage, CD4 T-lymphocyte, and interferon γ-mediated granulomatous infection such as histoplasmosis. Therapeutic regimes resulting in elimination of the microbes and clearing of granulomatous inflammation may correct the CD4 lymphocytopenia by redistribution of the peripheral blood CD4 T-lymphocytes [ Figure 3 ].…”