Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Late-Onset Epilepsy and Occult Cerebrovascular Disease

“…Seizures have been reported in 7% of clinically probable Alzheimer's disease cases, and may accompany the onset of dementia, perhaps reflecting a shared pathogenesis. 25 Seizures can also occur in the context of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, 26 reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 27 and in the context of cerebral arteriovenous or cavernous malformations, and subarachnoid hemorrhage or their treatment. Other specific but rarer CVD entities potentially manifesting first with epileptic seizures include central nervous system vasculitis, 28 cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy 29 and mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes.…”

Right Hemispheric Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in a Patient with Left Hemispheric Partial Seizures

“…Moderate headaches are seen between the more severe bouts, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia (6). In 8% to 40% of patients, RCVS can also present with transient or persistent neurologic defi cits, including encephalopathy, dysarthria, ataxia, focal numbness, weakness, seizures, and visual changes such as scotomas, blurry vision, hemianopsia, and cortical blindness (3,4). Visual symptoms are the most commonly encountered.…”

“…Subsequently, a "string and beads" or "sausage on a string" appearance develops that corresponds to generalized bilateral and diff use segmental constriction and dilation of cerebral arteries (3,5). One-third of patients can develop ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes (1).…”

“…Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) was recognized to be distinct from RCVS only in 1990 (3). Headaches tend to be more insidious in PACNS, which follows a more progressive-chronic course with a stepwise deterioration (3,5).…”

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

“…While RPLE quickly progresses over a few hours, complications may occur for several days with the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome 4 . Cerebral angiography may show a 'string of beads' but this has also been seen in RPLE patients.…”