“…Later on, more efficient techniques are introduced to increase the embedding capacity and/or keep the embedding distortion low, such as difference expansion (DE) [18] and histogram shifting (HS) [13]. Since the DE and HS can reduce the embedding distortion and provide a sufficient embedding payload, various RDH techniques have been developed along these two lines to maintain a good payload-distortion performance, e.g., integer wavelet transform (IWT) [1,8,19], prediction error (PE) [6,7,10,12], prediction error expansion (PEE) [3,4,9,14,16,17], and so on. In addition, the RDH in terms of the payload limit subjected to a given distortion has also been studied and designed to approach the theoretical bound [11,20].…”