Reversible Electrodeposition of Ni and Cu for Dynamic Windows

Li, Judy Y.; Barile, Christopher J.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac2022

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Barile et al studied the electrochemical properties of Ni–Cu electrolyte in detail, and demonstrated that the amino sulfonate contributes to the EC behavior observed in Ni–Cu electrolytes. [ 99 ] Guo et al reported Ni–Cu‐based RME and reached optimum Coulombic efficiency and coloration efficiency at Ni:Cu ratio of 2:1 in dimethylsulfoxide solvent. [ 100 ] Addition of PVA in Ni–Cu electrolyte system can also effectively inhibit dendrite growth, and the formation of NiCu alloy is verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

Xu,

Chen,

Ding

et al. 2023

Small Science

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Electrochromic technology has witnessed numerous achievements in recent years both in research and commercialization. Electrochromic devices (ECD) based on different electrochemical mechanism have been developed for various applications, ranging from smart windows, thermal management, rear views, display, camouflage, etc. Compared to conventional ECDs based on monovalent charge carriers (e.g., H+, Li+), incorporating multivalent ions with rich electrochemistry, high charge density, and small ionic radius has opened new possibilities in novel ECDs. The merits of multivalent ions are harvested in ECDs activated by ion intercalation/deintercalation (e.g., Zn2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+), reversible metal electrodeposition (e.g., Cu2+, Bi3+, Zn2+), and dynamic metal–ligand interactions (e.g., Cu2+, Fe2+). Herein, the working mechanism, characteristics, and up‐to‐date achievements in multivalent ECDs are summarized and classified accordingly. The applications of multivalent ECDs for smart windows, energy storage, thermal management, multicolor displays, etc., are exemplified. The issues and challenges encountered by multivalent ECDs are emphasized, and the future directions for developing multivalent ECDs are also summarized. The aim of this review is to inspire more efforts in the exploration and the proliferation of multivalent ECDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

Xu,

Chen,

Ding

et al. 2023

Small Science

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“…36,39,52 Unlike highly acidic Bi electrolytes, these less acidic Zn electrolytes do not etch ITO, resulting in improved device shelf life. 53,54 However, the standard reduction potential of −0.76 V vs normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) of Zn means that it is substantially less noble than other metals used in dynamic windows. 52 While the presence of coordinative ligands to form Zn complexes can shift the standard reduction potential, this standard reduction potential is negative enough that it indicates that from a thermodynamic perspective, water will be reduced to H 2 before Zn ions can become Zn metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zn has several inherent advantages compared to other metals such as Bi, Cu, and Pb. Zn electrodeposits produce a black window in the opaque state, whereas Cu is red. , Zn is also nontoxic, unlike Pb. , Furthermore, unlike Ag and Au, Zn is inexpensive. ,, Compared to Bi, which is only soluble in water at pH ≤ 2 under standard conditions, Zn is soluble in water at higher pH values. ,, Unlike highly acidic Bi electrolytes, these less acidic Zn electrolytes do not etch ITO, resulting in improved device shelf life. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Formate, Sulfate, and Halide Anions in Reversible Zinc Electrodeposition Dynamic Windows

Madu

Lilo

Thompson

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) is an emerging and promising method for designing dynamic windows with electrically controllable transmission, excellent color neutrality, and wide dynamic range. Zn is a viable option for metal-based dynamic windows due to its fast switching kinetics and reversibility despite its very negative deposition voltage. In this manuscript, we study the effect of the supporting electrolyte anions for Zn electrodeposition on transparent tin-doped indium oxide. Through systematic additions or removal of components of the electrolytes, we are able to establish a link between the anions and the effectiveness of Zn RME. This insight allows us to design practical two-electrode 25 cm2 Zn dynamic windows that switch to <1% within 20 s. Lastly, we demonstrate that the accumulation of Zn(OH)2 species on the working electrode degrades the optical contrast of Zn windows during long-term cycling. However, the elimination of these species through acid immersion allows the windows to cycle at least 500 times. Reversible Zn electrodeposition in the presence of a polyethylene glycol additive further improves the cycle life to greater than 1000 cycles. Taken together, these studies highlight important design principles for the construction of robust dynamic windows based on Zn RME.

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“…14,15 Reversible metal electrodeposition is a promising method of constructing dynamic windows with adjustable tinting. 16,17 RME windows are typically composed of three main components. [18][19][20] These components are a transparent conducting working electrode such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), a counter electrode to charge balance the device, and a gel or liquid electrolyte containing salts of colorless metal ions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water-in-Salt Electrolytes for Reversible Zinc Electrodeposition for Dynamic Windows

Madu,

Thompson,

Leahy

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) is an emerging and promising method for designing dynamic windows with electrically-controllable transmission, excellent color neutrality, and wide dynamic range. Despite its very negative deposition voltage, Zn is a viable option for metal-based dynamic windows due to its fast switching kinetics and reversibility. Here, we describe the construction of Zn RME dynamic windows using water-in-salt electrolytes (WISe). By systematically comparing different electrolytes, we study the effects of different WISe components on Zn RME spectroelectrochemistry. This insight allows us to design practical two-electrode 25 cm2 Zn dynamic windows, the first examples of RME devices with WISe. We also establish a link between the morphology of the Zn electrodeposits and the optical contrast of the transparent electrodes during switching. Taken together, these studies highlight a potential design strategy for the construction of RME dynamic windows.

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Reversible Electrodeposition of Ni and Cu for Dynamic Windows

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

Investigating Formate, Sulfate, and Halide Anions in Reversible Zinc Electrodeposition Dynamic Windows

Water-in-Salt Electrolytes for Reversible Zinc Electrodeposition for Dynamic Windows

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