Reversible strain-induced magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet

Cenker, John; Sivakumar, Shivesh; Xie, Kaichen; Miller, Aaron; Thijssen, Pearl; Liu, Zhaoyu; Dismukes, Avalon H.; Fonseca, Jordan; Anderson, Eric; Zhu, Xiaoyang; Roy, Xavier; Xiao, Di; Chu, Jiun‐Haw; Cao, Ting; Xu, Xiaodong

doi:10.1038/s41565-021-01052-6

Cited by 153 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…Notably, bright contrast PM regions at T < T c are correlated spatially with dark contrast iFM regions at T ≈ T N , indicating a variation of the magnetic transition temperatures with position that supersedes layer number (Figure S4, Supporting Information). Given that strain has been shown to significantly influence the stability of magnetic phases in CrSBr, [ 53 ] we speculate that this inhomogeneous spatial modulation of transition temperatures arises due to local strain induced during the exfoliation process. To demonstrate this definitively would require co‐located measurements of the local strain and MFM, which is beyond the scope of the present investigation.…”

Section: Nanoscale Magnetic Imaging Of Crsbrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both transitions show a clear dependence on layer thickness and the parity of the layer number. We observe additional long‐wavelength spatial variations in the magnetic transition temperatures, implying microscopic inhomogeneity in interlayer coupling that we speculate arises from local strain [ 53 ] (possibly caused by exfoliation). Finally, we selectively induced facile discrete magnetic switching events in CrSBr at temperatures close to T N using stray fields from the magnetic probe tip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualizing Atomically Layered Magnetism in CrSBr

et al. 2022

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ability to synthesize and characterize 2D materials with long-range magnetic order was notably absent. Such materials hold great promise for potential applications in spintronics, [6][7][8][9][10][11] topological superconductivity, [12,13] vdW heterostructures, [14,15] and memory storage. [16,17] Hypothetical 2D magnets defy the Mermin-Wagner theorem, [18] which states that long-range magnetic order cannot exist at finite temperature within the 2D isotropic Heisenberg model. [19] Hence, magnetic anisotropy is a necessary prerequisite to realizing stable 2D magnetism, and has been demonstrated to exist in several layered materials over the last few years. [3,4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Among these, the chromium trihalides CrX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) have been the most extensively studied, all of which display intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) order and either FM or antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer coupling depending on the choice of halide and crystal thickness. [27] Despite their extensive characterization, chromium trihalides suffer from a lack of air and moisture stability and possess relatively low transition temperatures, limiting their applications. On the other hand, CrSBr has emerged [28][29][30][31] as an air-stable layered magnetic material possessing A-type AFM ordering with a comparatively high Néel temperature (T N ≈ 132 K).A variety of analytical tools have been used to characterize CrSBr, including magnetometry, [32,33] magneto-transport, [32,33] 2D materials can host long-range magnetic order in the presence of underlying magnetic anisotropy. The ability to realize the full potential of 2D magnets necessitates systematic investigation of the role of individual atomic layers and nanoscale inhomogeneity (i.e., strain) on the emergence of stable magnetic phases. Here, spatially dependent magnetism in few-layer CrSBr is revealed using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and Monte Carlo-based simulations. Nanoscale visualization of the magnetic sheet susceptibility is extracted from MFM data and force-distance curves, revealing a characteristic onset of both intra-and interlayer magnetic correlations as a function of temperature and layer-thickness. These results demonstrate that the presence of a single uncompensated layer in odd-layer terraces significantly reduces the stability of the low-temperature antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and gives rise to multiple coexisting magnetic ground states at temperatures close to the bulk Néel temperature (T N ). Furthermore, the AFM phase can be reliably suppressed using modest fields (≈16 mT) from the MFM probe, behaving as a nanoscale magnetic switch. This prototypical study of few-layer CrSBr demonstrates the critical role of layer parity on field-tunable 2D magnetism and validates MFM for use in nanomagnetometry of 2D materials (despite the ubiquitous absence of bulk zero-field magnetism in magnetized sheets).The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202201000.

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Section: Nanoscale Magnetic Imaging Of Crsbrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Atomically Layered Magnetism in CrSBr

et al. 2022

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“…have been actively explored to modify the three major interactions including magnetic anisotropy, interlayer and intralayer magnetic couplings, with the aim of tuning the competing magnetic states. However, due to the lack of vdW magnets with comparable ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) energies, despite extensive efforts, the activation of the metamagnetic transitions between these two states has only been unambiguously experimentally realized in CrI 3 and CrSBr insulators (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and there they are likely triggered by the structural changes. This has hindered progress in understanding the roles that these disparate magnetic interactions play in driving such transitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional pressure-driven metamagnetic transitions in topological van der Waals magnets

Qian,

Emmanouilidou,

et al. 2022

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Activating metamagnetic transitions between ordered states in van der Waals magnets and devices bring great opportunities in spintronics. We show that external pressure, which enhances the interlayer hopping without introducing chemical disorders, triggers multiple metamagnetic transitions upon cooling in the topological van der Waals magnets Mn(Bi1−xSbx)4Te7, where the antiferromagnetic interlayer superexchange coupling competes with the ferromagnetic interlayer coupling mediated by the antisite Mn spins. The temperature-pressure phase diagrams reveal that while the ordering temperature from the paramagnetic to ordered states is almost pressure-independent, the metamagnetic transitions show non-trivial pressure and temperature dependence, even re-entrance. For these highly anisotropic magnets, we attribute the former to the ordering temperature being only weakly dependent on the intralayer parameters, the latter to the parametrically different pressure and temperature dependence of the two interlayer couplings. Our independent probing of these disparate magnetic interactions paves an avenue for efficient magnetic manipulations in van der Waals magnets.

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“…The ML and BL CrSBr have been paid much attention because their magnetic critical temperatures are obviously higher than that of CrI 3 and Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 . So far, some experimental works appear to focus on the fascinating properties of 2D CrSBr, including tunable magnetism [11,[19][20][21][22][23], magnon-exciton coupling [24], interlayer electronic coupling [20], tunable electronic transport [21], and etc. The AFM semiconductor CrSBr was also used to introduce magnetism in graphene/CrSBr heterostructure by considering the proximity effect [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first- and second-order magneto-optical effects and intrinsically anomalous transport in 2D van der Waals layered magnets CrXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I)

Yang,

Zhou

et al. 2022

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Recently, the two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor CrSBr has attracted considerable attention due to its excellent air-stable property and high magnetic critical temperature. Here, we systematically investigate the electronic structure, magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, first-order magnetooptical effects (Kerr and Faraday effects) and second-order magneto-optical effects (Schäfer-Hubert and Voigt effects) as well as intrinsically anomalous transport properties (anomalous Hall, anomalous Nernst, and anomalous thermal Hall effects) of two-dimensional van der Waals layered magnets CrXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I) by using the first-principles calculations. Our results show that monolayer and bilayer CrXY (X = S, Se) are narrow band gap semiconductors, whereas monolayer and bilayer CrTeY are multi-band metals. The magnetic ground states of bilayer CrXY and the easy magnetization axis of monolayer and bilayer CrXY are confirmed by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy calculations. Utilizing magnetic group theory analysis, the first-order magnetooptical effects as well as anomalous Hall, anomalous Nernst, and anomalous thermal Hall effects are identified to exist in ferromagnetic state with out-of-plane magnetization. The second-order magneto-optical effects are not restricted by the above symmetry requirements, and therefore can arise in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states with in-plane magnetization. The calculated results are compared with the available theoretical and experimental data of other two-dimensional magnets and some conventional ferromagnets. The present work reveals that monolayer and bilayer CrXY with superior magneto-optical responses and anomalous transport properties provide an excellent material platform for the promising applications of magneto-optical devices, spintronics, and spin caloritronics.

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Reversible strain-induced magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet

Cited by 153 publications

References 41 publications

Visualizing Atomically Layered Magnetism in CrSBr

Visualizing Atomically Layered Magnetism in CrSBr

Unconventional pressure-driven metamagnetic transitions in topological van der Waals magnets

The first- and second-order magneto-optical effects and intrinsically anomalous transport in 2D van der Waals layered magnets CrXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I)

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