One special feature of solid-state reactions is that the spacial arrangement of the atoms at the beginning and sometimes also at the end of the reaction can be mapped quite precisely. This distinguishes them from reactions in solution or in the gas phase and provides the possibility for new insight into the geometric aspects of chemical reactivity in general. The molecules in a given crystal react in a single conformation (occasionally in more than one) and in well-defined surroundings. Thus, differences in chemical behavior among crystals that differ mainly in the packing of otherwise similar molecules can be interpreted by studying the packingdifferences. Many excellent works are collected in Orxanic SolidState Chrmistr-y ' ) and Structure and Properties of' Molrcular Crjsstals. 2, Among the above solid-state reactions, a single crystal-to-single crystal transformation is very attractive, because both structures of the reactant and product are obtained by X-ray analysis using only one crystal. And the topochemical process can be easily speculated.The first example reported is the [2 + 21 photocycloaddition of 2,5-distyrylpyradine."' Further details will be discussed in section 5.1 in this volume. Other typical examples are the photopolymerization of diacetylene d e r i~a t i v e s ,~) the [2 + 21 photodimerization of 5-benzylidenecy~lopentanones~) and thermal dimerization of o-benzenedithiol cobalt complex.') In all the case the reaction proceeds almost keeping the single crystal form and the movement of each atom can be presumed from the structures before and after the reaction. The composite diagram of the reactant and product structures is very informative. However, the reaction does not alway proceed smoothly, that is, obeying first-order kinetics, from the intial stage to the final stage. The structures at several intermediate stages are essential for elucidating the reaction process. Moreover, a systematic analysis of related crystals is necessary to obtain a quantitative mechanism.In this section we describe a systematic analysis of reactions occurring in crystals keeping their single crystal forms. From several intermediate structures obtained by X-ray analyses, we have observed various reaction pathways and obtained a quantitative relationship between the macroscopic reaction rate and the microscopic atomic arrangement in a series of related crystals. Since such a stepwise X-ray structure analysis is a very effective method for elucidating the reaction mechanism, we call the analysis "dynamic structure analysis", and the reaction that enables the dynamic structure analysis is termed "crystalline-state reaction".')