The advancement of effective nasal mucoadhesive delivery
faces
challenges due to rapid mucociliary clearance (MCC). Conventional
studies have employed mucoadhesive materials, mainly forming spherical
nanoparticles, but these offer limited adhesion to the nasal mucosa.
This study hypothesizes that a 2D nanoscale structure utilizing adhesive
polyphenols can provide a superior strategy for countering MCC, aligning
with the planar mucosal layers. We explore the use of tannic acid
(TA), a polyphenolic molecule known for its adhesive properties and
ability to form complexes with biomolecules. Our study introduces
an unprecedented 2D nanopatch, assembled through the interaction of
TA with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and cell-penetrating peptide
(CPP). This 2D nanopatch demonstrates robust adhesion to nasal mucosa
and significantly enhances immunoglobulin A secretions, suggesting
its potential for enhancing nasal vaccine delivery. The promise of
a polyphenol-enabled adhesive 2D nanopatch signifies a pivotal shift
from conventional spherical nanoparticles, opening new pathways for
delivery strategies through respiratory mucoadhesion.