Review

Reuter, Gerd; Gabius, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.6.325

Cited by 61 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…1 A. A carboxyl group is also presented by N -acetylneuraminic acid, the parental compound for more than 50 natural derivatives called sialic acids [ 89 , 100 ]. One of them, i.e.…”

Section: The Biochemical Basis Of the Sugar Codementioning

confidence: 99%

What Cyto- and Histochemistry Can Do to Crack the Sugar Code

Habermann

Kaltner²,

Higuero

et al. 2021

Acta Histochem. Cytochem.

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As letters form the vocabulary of a language, biochemical 'symbols' (the building blocks of oligo-and polymers) make writing molecular messages possible. Compared to nucleotides and amino acids, sugars have chemical properties that facilitate to reach an unsurpassed level of oligomer diversity. These glycans are a part of the ubiquitous cellular glycoconjugates. Cyto-and histochemically, the glycans' structural complexity is mapped by glycophenotyping of cells and tissues using receptors ('readers', thus called lectins), hereby revealing its dynamic spatiotemporal regulation: these data support the concept of a sugar code. When proceeding from work with plant (haem)agglutinins as such tools to the discovery of endogenous (tissue) lectins, it became clear that a broad panel of biological meanings can indeed be derived from the sugar-based vocabulary (the natural glycome incl. post-synthetic modifications) by glycan-lectin recognition in situ. As consequence, the immunocyto-and histochemical analysis of lectin expression is building a solid basis for the steps toward tracking down functional correlations, for example in processes leading to cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy or growth regulation as well as targeted delivery of glycoproteins. Introduction of labeled tissue lectins to glycan profiling assists this endeavor by detecting counterreceptor(s) in situ. Combining these tools and their applications strategically will help to take the trip toward the following long-range aim: to compile a dictionary for the glycan vocabulary that translates each message (oligosaccharide) into its bioresponse(s), that is to crack the sugar code.

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“…1 A. A carboxyl group is also presented by N -acetylneuraminic acid, the parental compound for more than 50 natural derivatives called sialic acids [ 89 , 100 ]. One of them, i.e.…”

Section: The Biochemical Basis Of the Sugar Codementioning

confidence: 99%

What Cyto- and Histochemistry Can Do to Crack the Sugar Code

Habermann

Kaltner²,

Higuero

et al. 2021

Acta Histochem. Cytochem.

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“…Sialic acids are the most abundant terminal monosaccharides on glycoproteins and glycolipids in eukaryotic cells. They comprise a family of more than 50 naturally occurring carboxylated amino sugars with a scaffold of nine carbon atoms [7]. Sialic acids influence adhesion processes which play an important role in many cellular functions, such as cell migration, transformation of tissues, inflammation, wound healing and metastasis [8]–[10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proteomic Profile of Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy

et al. 2011

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Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an adult onset, slowly progressive distal and proximal myopathy. Although the causing gene, GNE, encodes for a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of sialic acid, its primary function in HIBM remains unknown. The goal of this study was to unravel new clues on the biological pathways leading to HIBM by proteomic comparison. Muscle cultures and biopsies were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and the same biopsy extracts by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Proteins that were differentially expressed in all HIBM specimens versus all controls in each analysis were identified by mass spectrometry. The muscle cultures 2-DE analysis yielded 41 such proteins, while the biopsies 2-DE analysis showed 26 differentially expressed proteins. Out of the 400 proteins identified in biopsies by iTRAQ, 41 showed altered expression. In spite of the different nature of specimens (muscle primary cultures versus muscle biopsies) and of the different methods applied (2D gels versus iTRAQ) the differentially expressed proteins identified in each of the three analyses where related mainly to the same pathways, ubiquitination, stress response and mitochondrial processes, but the most robust cluster (30%) was assigned to cytoskeleton and sarcomere organization. Taken together, these findings indicate a possible novel function of GNE in the muscle filamentous apparatus that could be involved in the pathogenesis of HIBM.

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“…N-acetylneuraminic acid, a derivative of neuraminic acid collectively known as sialic acid (SA), is the major SA found in mammalian cells (Varki 1992). Changes in SA levels can trigger the development of various diseases, including in ammation, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and endocrine disorders (Reuter and Gabius 1996). It has been suggested that elevated SA levels re ect acute phase response in the in ammatory process; that a positive correlation exists between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are essential mediators of the acute phase response; and that elevated in ammatory factors affect loops such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn affect reproductive function (Demir et al 2018).…”

Section: High-temperature Environment and Salivary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Menstrual Cycle Disorder and Saliva Metabolomics of Young Women in High-temperature Environment

Wei

An²,

Fan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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High-temperature environments induce menstrual disorders, which can seriously damage women's reproductive health and workability. The regulation mechanism underlying the induction of these disorders at high temperature is yet to be elucidated. Saliva is an information-rich biological fluid that can reflect systemic diseases. Here, we investigated the characteristics of menstrual cycle disorders and saliva metabolomics. Women from high and normal temperature areas of China were selected and divided into two groups—high-temperature (H group) and control (C group). A questionnaire survey was conducted in summer (July) to investigate the incidence rate of menstrual disorders, characteristics of the disorders, and factors influencing the risk of these disorders in different regions. Metabolomics was applied to analyze the characteristics of the salivary metabolites and neurotransmitters in the two groups of women with menstrual disorders.The incidence rate of menstrual disorders was significantly higher in the H group than in the C group (P < 0.05). High-temperature environment, anxiety, pressure, and sleep quality were identified as critical factors associated with menstrual disorders. Non-targeted saliva metabolomics identified 64 significantly different metabolites, which mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, digestive system, and nucleotide metabolism(P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics of neurotransmitters revealed increased expression of histamine (HA) and glutamine and decreased expression of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) (P < 0.05). Therefore, the incidence rate of menstrual disorder was increased in the H group, which is significantly related to factors such as anxiety and pressure. Changes in metabolites and neurotransmitters indicated that besides mood, endocrine regulation mechanism, inflammatory reactions that affect the formation of the follicular, cell membrane might contribute to the development of menstrual disorders.

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Review

Cited by 61 publications

References 98 publications

What Cyto- and Histochemistry Can Do to Crack the Sugar Code

What Cyto- and Histochemistry Can Do to Crack the Sugar Code

The Proteomic Profile of Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy

Characteristics of Menstrual Cycle Disorder and Saliva Metabolomics of Young Women in High-temperature Environment

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