Review—A Nanomaterial-Based Sensor for Detecting the COVID-19 Virus through Various Techniques

Abstract

The features of nanomaterials such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide, carbon nanotubes and quantum dots for unique sensing applicability are mentioned in this review study. Some notable sensors that have been produced are described on the basis of the particular analyte compound to be determined and the functionalization processes that are used. For COVID-19 determination, biocompatible sensors manufactured from these materials capable of determining specific chemical components are also highlighted, which could support efficient and reliable sensing and rapid diagnosis.

Highly Potent Antioxidant/Antibacterial Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles-Enabled Nano-Scavenger Reinforced by Aegle Marmelos (Linn) Rind’s Extract

“…20,21 These bioactive chemicals can be used in micro and nano formulations to enhance the therapeutic benefits of conventional medications. 22,23 Diethyl ether, ethanol, acetone, and carbon tetrachloride are all soluble in this metabolite. Consideration of carvacrol's anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-neurodegenerative, and antibacterial actions is crucial in the case of therapeutic uses.…”

Emergence of MXene and MXene–Polymer Hybrid Membranes as Future‐ Environmental Remediation Strategies

“…For instance, contaminated air accounts for 20% of cardiovascular and stroke‐related global mortalities. [ 1 ] Moreover, World Health Organization (WHO) reports that environmental contamination causes impairment to the human respiratory, nervous and immune systems, which turn humans more vulnerable to high‐risk diseases, especially coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] Consequently, it has raised the concern of policymakers, environmentalists, the research community, and industrialists to achieve environmental remediation.…”

“…Among them, the last decade has witnessed the rise of metal carbide and nitrides (MXenes) as advanced 2D materials for architecting next-generation environmental remediation technologies. [18][19][20][21] MXene is an emergent class of 2D materials, which are fabricated by selective etching of "A": 13 or 14 group elements from its precursors, including the MAX phase (with "M" is an early transition material, and "X" can be carbon (C), nitrogen (N), or both), non-MAX ((MC) n [Al(A)] m C (m−1) ; m is 3,4, and A is silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge)) and "modified-MAX" phases (like "i-max phase"; (M 1 2/3 M 2 1/3 ) 2 AX). [22,23] The research and development dedicated to MXenes have exponentially increased in combatting and remediation of air, water, radiation, and solid contamination since its discovery in 2011 (Figure 1).…”

A Novel Pentachlorophenol Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nickel-Cobalt Layered Double Hydroxide Doped with Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite

“…26 Nickelcobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH) is a typical twodimensional lamellar metal hydroxide and a strong candidate as a substrate for the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors because of their 2D nanosheets active area, versatility in both structural morphology and chemical composition which can effectively boost the electrochemical performance and thus improve anion exchange capability. [27][28][29] Still, NiCo-LDH may suffer from redox kinetics, which is limited by the mass diffusion rate resulting in poor conductivity due to the high mass loading capacity. 30 Therefore, the integration of carbonbased nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 31 graphene oxide (GO), 32 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [33][34][35] can be an appropriate solution to this problem.…”