Review and classification of reliability indicators for power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources

Abstract

Power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources face new challenges with respect to reliability management. Scientific literature argues that a paradigm shift is needed in terms of reliability management to efficiently integrate a large amount of renewable energy sources and the required flexibility services. Reliability management involves the use of indicators to support system operation and to assess its performance. Many indicators (proposed to be) used in power system reliability management are presented in technical and scientific literature. To coordinate the development, selection and use of indicators in power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources, this paper presents a structured and consistent overview of the characteristics and the scope of indicators currently in use and available in the literature. A transparent way to characterize indicators is proposed. Available indicators are analyzed in terms of the generic properties of an adequate indicator: relevance in the context of evolving reliability management, ease of use, data availability and reliability determined by the data accuracy. Based on this analysis, missing indicators, shortcomings of existing indicators and directions for future work in a practical and scientific context are identified.

Critical review of competitiveness indicators for energy projects

“…If these dispatchable units are gas or coal power plants (with higher GHG emissions per Wh), the overall effect of adding low-carbon technologies on the carbon footprint of the electricity mix needs to be investigated at the grid scale. Hence, the carbon footprint indicator has to be analysed together with the impact of the project on the reliability of the mix [71]. The land-use parameter will depend on the conditions and the quality of the land available/required, with the associated potential issues for land access.…”

Neutralization of Risks From the Use of Alternative Energy Sources

“…Основными методами исследования предлагаются моделирование, синтез, анализ, сравнение. результаты исследования и их обсуждение В современной экономике особая роль отводится возобновляемым источникам энергии [3,4]: солнечное излучение, сила ветра, сила течения водных объектов, в т.ч., приливы и отливы, органические реакции на основе биомасс, атмосферное электричество и т.п. Человечество наконец-то задумывается над тем, что традиционная энергетика на углеводородном сырье не дает долгосрочной гарантии экономической стабильности -месторождения газа, нефти, угля исчерпываются достаточно быстро, а их возобновление длится около двух миллионов лет.…”

A Model of Reliability Optimization of a Stand-Alone Electric Power System with Constraints on Dynamic Stability of the Wind Turbine

“…Our analysis of the published research that deals with issues of the reliability of electric power systems with renewable energy sources backs up our conclusion that recently the academics have been seeking to detail their studies and to take into account various aspects of the operation of these power systems, which certainly increases the efficiency and importance of the research findings thus obtained. To illustrate, the study [2] provides a detailed review and classification of reliability indicators for power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources. Combinations of reliability indicators are offered, as constructed from the point of view of technical and economic performance efficiency, the flexibility of the power system operation, and availability of initial statistical data.…”