Review and outlook of global energy use under the impact of COVID‐19

Abstract

By collecting and sorting the energy demand data of developing and developed countries, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of their energy demand, including the change of energy demand and the change trend of energy load in various sectors. The survey scope of the article includes the overall change trend of energy supply, natural gas, oil, electricity, coal, renewable energy (such as wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, etc.), and the data change of global carbon dioxide emission. Besides, this paper selects a variety of energy sources for comprehensive analysis to analyze the existing change trend in chronological order. The analysis methods include data statistics of primary energy production and consumption, energy intensity analysis of gross domestic product (GDP), production, and demand balance of oil, natural gas, and coal, and study the trade balance between different types of energy in different countries and regions. The regions examined in this review include the organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD); the group of seven (G7); Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICs); the European Union; Europe; North America; the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS); Asia; Latin America; the Pacific Ocean; the Middle East and Africa. By studying these data, we can make a better summary of the current energy use, so as to conveniently grasp the context of energy development and have a general understanding of the current energy structure. Therefore, individuals and policymakers in the fields of energy trade can think more deeply about the future situation and draw conclusions.

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Solid Carbon: Development, Challenges, and Perspectives

“…However, as the electric potential gradually increased, In a high-temperature molten salt system, the carbonate ion will undergo an equilibrium decomposition reaction. (5) Carbonate ions and oxygen ions exist simultaneously in the molten salt system. 64 Therefore, two possible reactions are described as follows:…”

“…Human consumption of fossil fuels has increased significantly since the last century. It is estimated that, by 2050, the energy consumption will reach 27 TW. − As the main energy source of modern industry, the consumption of fossil fuel will inevitably lead to the release of a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions . Since 1860, the average annual growth rate of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion has been 4.22% .…”

Development of Renewable Energy in View of Energy Security—The Study of the Photovoltaic Market in Poland

“…In consequence, fast development of renewable energy sources seems to be a matter of time, especially as many studies point to their contribution to economic growth, the promotion of local socio-economic development, better environmental protection and, above all, worldwide cooperation to reduce global warming [15,[46][47][48][49]. Setting ambitious goals such as, among others, cutting greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% (compared with 1990) by 2030, and becoming a climate-neutral continent by 2050 would speed up the transition to sustainable energy.…”