Review Article: Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes active TB infections that result in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), relapse even after treatment, and latent TB. Tuberculosis is a bacterium airborne pulmonary infectious disease. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) results from an illness which is too severe with Mycobacterium tuberculosis entering into the circulatory system. A really bad situation with further multi-drug TB. In the nation, pulmonary TB is spreading as well as reemerging. Recent findings of an increase in cases in the area pose a mortality burden and infection spread risk. The group of bacteria genetically organisms known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are accountable for human as well as animal tuberculosis. Among the primary reasons of mortality or morbidity worldwide continues to remain this sickness even now. The mycobacteria infiltrate the host via breathing that is phagocytated by macrophage as they reach the respiratory tract. It may cause the bacteria responsible to be quickly destroyed or cause an aggressive TB disease. Precisely a result of its human immunological reaction, multiple distinct virulence indicators have emerged among MTBC subgroups. The purpose of this research is to discuss the bacterial genes or enzymes that are to be crucial to determining the pathogenicity of MTBC strains through in vivo infections paradigm. As a way to eradicate various illnesses as well as get closer to a future without infections such as tuber emerging medicines or therapies must take into account the virulence aspects of MTBC.

The Role of Proline-Proline-Glutamic Acid (PPE) Proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications

“…Notwithstanding the potential of PPE protein-targeted therapies, several challenges impede their clinical translation. The genetic heterogeneity of PPE proteins may limit the effectiveness of therapies aimed at specific variants, posing a significant hurdle in drug and vaccine development [79]. Moreover, the complexity of the host-pathogen interaction raises concerns about unforeseen impacts on host immunity [80].…”