Review--Birth brain injury: etiology and prevention--Part I: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral palsy

An Investigation Into Etiological Pathways of DCD and ADHD Using a Monozygotic Twin Design

“…The current study thus found an association between perinatal oxygen perfusion problems and DCD, as we found previously on a larger study using questionnaire data only (Pearsall-Jones et al, 2008). In our studies it was not clear whether movement difficulties in these twins resulted from perinatal oxygen perfusion problems, or whether, as proposed by Gunn and Bennet (2008), exposure to infections in utero cumulatively sensitized them to hypoxia at birth, or because of prenatal cardiac or lung problems leading to perinatal oxygen perfusion problems (Morley, 2005). In neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, 20-30% of survivors were estimated to have long term neurodevelopmental sequelae, including CP (Vannucci & Perlman, 1997).…”

“…Some neonates who have experienced perinatal asphyxia have developed movement disorders, including CP (Vannucci & Perlman, 1997;Morley, 2005;Westin, 2006). Neonatal induced hypothermia might also be further explored, as this has been shown to improve outcome for neonates experiencing perinatal asphyxia (Jacobs et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2006).…”

Novel methods for predicting clinical outcome in neonates from clinical electroencephalography recordings

“…Most infant death from acute HIE occurs within the first week of life, with infants suffering with severe neurologic impairment or even dying in their infancy from aspiration pneumonia or systemic infections (Morley 2005). The incidence of HIE worldwide is relatively high with birth asphyxia associated with mortality rates of 25-50% (Spector and Daga 2008).…”

“…Understanding the pathophysiological pathways are vital, as evidence suggests the condition has a small time-window prior to permanent brain injury (Morley 2005). Some of the risk factors for HIE during pregnancy include a combination of maternal age, family history of neurological disorders (including and excluding seizures), alcohol consumption, birth weight and growth, thyroid disease and gestational age (reported by Badawi et al (1998)).…”

“…The occurrence of maternal hypovolemic shock or cord prolapse (Morley 2005) significantly contributes to brain injury. Findings from MRI studies have found that HIE may continue to develop without significant hypoxia beyond the initial insult (Alderliesten et al 2013;Cowan et al 2003).…”