Review—Electrochemical NO_xGas Sensors Based on Stabilized Zirconia

Abstract

Nitrogen oxides originated from combustion-exhausts are not only harmful to human health, but they also form acid rain and photochemical smog, both of which inflict enormous environmental damage. Therefore, monitoring and controlling NO x are an urgent requirement. Electrochemical sensors based on solid electrolyte are a promising method for detection of NO x . We review the working principles and the recent developments in the area of ZrO 2 -based electrochemical NO x sensors, including equilibrium potentiometric, mixed potential, pulsed polarization, amperometric, and impedancemetric NO x sensors. The improvement of triplephase boundary (TPB), the limiting factors in measurement, and the future perspectives are also discussed in this review.

Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of PO43– Ions in Aqueous Solution by a Luminescent Terbium Metal–Organic Framework

“…For instance, acid rain is made from excessive emission of NO 3 – and SO 4 2– , which result from burning fossil fuels and automobile exhausts in the air. Not only are halogen ions extremely irritating and highly toxic to human bodies, but they are also very corrosive to many substances. , About PO 4 3– , as a derivative of phosphorus, plays a vital role in the process of living things such as gene regulation, genetic material, signal transmission, and energy storage. , From another perspective, PO 4 3– is a common pollutant anion of industrial production in aquatic ecosystems, which leads to overgrowth of algae and eutrophication of water. Besides, excessive phosphate and its derivatives can also affect the absorption of calcium ions in the human bodies and cause irreversible harm to people’s life. − As a pollutant anion, PO 4 3– possesses less binding reactive sites and lower reactivity, so detection of PO 4 3– emerges a major challenge in the field of chemosensors. − …”

Influence of Pt paste and the firing temperature of screen-printed electrodes on the NO detection by pulsed polarization

“…Most electrochemical sensors for the detection of nitrogen oxides (NO x ; i.e., NO and NO 2 ) are based on stationary principles. Examples are amperometric NO sensors or potentiometric mixed potential sensors (Zhuiykov and Miura, 2007;Liu et al, 2017;Miura et al, 1998;Ritter et al, 2019;Park et al, 2009;Liang et al, 2011). What these principles have in common is that the sensors provide a time-invariant measurement signal in the form of a current or a voltage at a constant analyte gas concentration.…”

Chemical Gas Sensors: Recent Developments, Challenges, and the Potential of Machine Learning—A Review

“…Therefore, along with the strict implementation of industrial waste regulations, the demand for highly reliable and accurate sensors has become essential for human survival [1][2][3][4][5]. Over the past decades, several gas-sensing mechanisms have been reported, including resistive/chemiresistive [6], electrochemical [7,8] (amperometric and potentiometric), work function (Schottky diode, metaloxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) [9,10], etc. ), optical (surface plasmon resonance (SPR)), and surface acoustic [11][12][13][14].…”