Review: experiences with shallow water acoustics

Thorne, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/s0165-7836(98)00068-x

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since the 1960s, fixed location hydroacoustic techniques have been used to count non‐intrusively upstream migrations of anadromous salmonids (mostly Oncorhynchus spp., Salmonidae) returning up the very large clear‐water rivers on the west coast of North America and facing obstacles such as hydroelectric dams (Ransom et al . 1998; Thorne 1998). These systems are used to count and size fish passing a particular point and increasingly are routinely used to assist stock management of anadromous salmonids (Ransom et al .…”

Section: Capture Independent Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for studying spatial behaviour of freshwater fishes in the natural environment

2000

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Spatial behaviour of fishes in fresh and brackish water ranges in temporal scales between localized diel movements, often associated with foraging and predator evasion, to seasonal or life‐cycle related events involving movements between freshwater habitats or freshwater and marine biotopes. Recent technological advances have resulted in dramatic improvements in the range of techniques available for the study of spatial behaviour of freshwater fishes in the natural environment, and broadly may be divided into two categories: capture dependent and capture independent. The former incorporates those methods that rely on sampling marked fish (mark–recapture) or unmarked fish (density estimates, catch per unit effort) over defined scales of time and space in order to derive information on distribution and movement. Captured fish may also be tagged with transmitters that radiate energy, enabling the fish to be tracked and/or environmental data to be gathered. Biochemical analysis of samples from fish, requiring non‐destructive sampling (genetic analysis and scale microchemistry) or destructive sampling (otolith microchemistry) may also provide information on migration and ontogenetic processes. Capture independent techniques include visual observation and video techniques, hydroacoustics and automated fish counting. Catch per unit effort and mark–recapture techniques are most efficient where long‐term fishery or monitoring studies are in place and data on crude spatial and temporal scales are acceptable. They also have the advantages of low technical requirements and low equipment costs. Where specific management or ecological questions are pertinent, recapture independent techniques may be more appropriate. Telemetric methods can provide high resolution information at the individual level, while hydroacoustics is increasingly providing information at the population level in large lake and river environments. Biochemical methods are becoming increasingly useful in determining the extent of population segregation, where DNA analysis is used, and in the study of migration and ontogenetic changes in behaviour, where otolith microchemistry and stable isotope analysis is used.

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Section: Capture Independent Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for studying spatial behaviour of freshwater fishes in the natural environment

2000

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“…Synoptic two-dimensional horizontal images of the ocean can be created by beamforming a towed or fixed horizontal array, as opposed to piecing together vertical profiles of the water column obtained from a moving platform. While highfrequency side-looking sonars have been used to a limited degree for biomass estimates at short horizontal ranges [Smith:1970, Thomas:1987, Thorne:1998, Pedersen:1999, lower frequencies offer the potential of longer range imaging owing to lower attenuation and reduction of spreading loss in the waveguide sound channel. A recent example of this approach is the use of a 400 Hz towed array to observe the formation processes of large fish shoals at ranges up 15 km during spawning [Makris:2009, Makris:2006.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horizontal aperature provides the necessary array gain and beamforming resolution to form images with sufficient SNR and spatial resolution to resolve weak signals form fish schools at longe range. These limitations are evident in previous attempts [Smith:1970, Thomas:1987, Thorne:1998, Pedersen:1999, as compared with recent applications using a Navy towed array [Makris:2009, Makris:2006.…”

Section: Mid-frequency Sonar Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Acoustic Techniques for Assessing Fish Schooling in the Context of an Operational Ocean Observatory

Benoit‐Bird

2006

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LONG-TERM GOALSFish aggregation is important in terms of biology, fisheries, and measurement, quantitative analyses of gregarious movement behaviors remain relatively rare (Turchin 1989). Fish aggregation has most often been studied in easily accessed fish or fish easily maintained in the laboratory such as minnows and dace (see a review in Pitcher and Parrish 1993). Measurements of fish aggregations are often difficult, particularly in pelagic environments. Our goal is to develop new acoustic techniques that have the potential to serve as measurement tools to quantify this ubiquitous and important behavior. OBJECTIVESThis project brings together a team with expertise in acoustics, engineering, biology, fisheries, and oceanography to develop and apply acoustic techniques to measure schooling in pelagic fish. We combined traditional, split-beam fisheries echosounding techniques and direct sampling with new acoustic techniques and new platforms in a study area monitored by an existing operational ocean

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“…As a result, we can differentiate between targets moving upstream and downstream, and thus focus on migrating fish. In the case of observations made from a fixed location and with horizontal deployment, as used in this study, echocounting techniques had to be used in most of the cases (Thorne, 1998). Data were processed by the SIMRAD EP500 analysis program (Version 5.2, SIM-RAD, 1996) and gave the target characteristics for each fish lock.…”

Section: Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results on migrating shad (Alosa fallax) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) echocounting in a lock on the Rhône River (France) using a split-beam sounder, and relationships with environmental data and fish caught

Guillard¹

2000

Aquatic Living Resources

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− The application of fisheries acoustics in shallow waters opens new fields of observation and allows new methods for abundance estimates. In this paper we deal with echocounting of migrating fish crossing the Beaucaire-Vallabrègues lock, the first obstacle encountered on the Rhône, using a SIMRAD EY500 split-beam sounder, 70 kHz frequency. Two transducers sampled a section of water and evaluated approximately 35% of the lock section, based on a calibration sphere. The number of fish crossing the lock was calculated for each fish lock. Crossing data for the fish were recorded (dates, position, exit time). The present analysis did not allow the identification of the two major species that cross the dam: shad (Alosa fallax) and mullet (Mugil cephalus).

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Review: experiences with shallow water acoustics

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Methods for studying spatial behaviour of freshwater fishes in the natural environment

Methods for studying spatial behaviour of freshwater fishes in the natural environment

Novel Acoustic Techniques for Assessing Fish Schooling in the Context of an Operational Ocean Observatory

First results on migrating shad (Alosa fallax) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) echocounting in a lock on the Rhône River (France) using a split-beam sounder, and relationships with environmental data and fish caught

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