Review—Fundamentals to Applications of MXenes for Biosensing

Abstract

Advancement in biosensing techniques is the topmost priority in the present era of technology as the limitations of conventional methods outweighs its advantages. Hence, design of compact, user and environmental friendly, economical, and highly-sensitive and responsive biosensors is needed. MXenes, two-dimensional layered material, have gained great attention in very little time due to their diverse properties such as enormous conductivity, meager cellular toxicity, elaborated surface chemistry, natural hydrophilicity, magnificent optoelectronic features, and the ability to form stable colloidal suspensions. These properties of MXenes categorize them as a potential material for fabrication of highly-efficient modern-world biosensors The surface functionalization of MXenes can be modified with polymerization, direct surface terminations etc. for enhancing the efficiency of biosensors developed from them. MXenes-based biosensors have been utilized in diverse fields viz. electrochemical biosensing, optical biosensing, wearable biosensing, etc. These biosensors are of prime importance for early detection of deadly diseases such as cancers of various body parts including lungs, pancreas, breast etc., and hyperglycaemia. Moreover, they play an important role for detecting environmental pollutants viz. heavy metals, nitrites, phenols etc. Hence, necessary actions can be taken on time in order to save the health and environment.