Review: Fusarium head blight of barley in western Canada

Tekauz, A.; McCallum, Brent D.; Gilbert, J.

doi:10.1080/07060660009501156

Cited by 102 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2 A and B). As Chevron is considered to exhibit partial type I resistance (16), the test with isolated caryopses may be used to further elucidate the mechanism for this type of resistance. The barley mlo5 mutants providing complete resistance to the biotrophic barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum

Jansen

Wettstein

Schäfer

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

559

479

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Fusarium head blight epidemics of wheat and barley cause heavy economic losses to farmers due to yield decreases and production of mycotoxin that renders the grain useless for flour and malt products. No highly resistant cultivars are available at present. Hyphae of germinating fungal spores use different paths of infection: After germination at the extruded tip of an ovary, the hyphae travel along the epicarp in the space between the lemma and palea. Infection of the developing kernel proceeds through the epicarp, successively destroying the layers of the fruit coat and finally the starch and protein accumulating endosperm. Hyphae reaching the rachis proceed to apically located developing kernels. Using a constitutively green fluorescence protein-expressing Fusarium wild-type strain, and its knockout mutant, preventing trichothecene synthesis, we demonstrate that trichothecenes are not a virulence factor during infection through the fruit coat. In the absence of trichothecenes, the fungus is blocked by the development of heavy cell wall thickenings in the rachis node of Nandu wheat, a defense inhibited by the mycotoxin. In barley hyphae of both wild-type and the trichothecene knockout mutant, are inhibited at the rachis node and rachilla, limiting infection of adjacent florets through the phloem and along the surface of the rachis. Effective resistance to Fusarium head blight requires expression of genes that combat these different pathways of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nandu, barley cv. Chevron, which is considered to be partially resistant to FHB (16), and two mlo5 powdery mildew resistant back cross lines (BCIngrid-mlo5, BCPallas-mlo5) as well as their parent genotypes Ingrid and Pallas. These two mlo5-genotypes are highly sensitive to the hemibiotrophic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana (17) and Magnaporthe grisea (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum

Jansen

Wettstein

Schäfer

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

559

479

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“…and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg (McMullen et al 1997;Tekauz et al 2000). The disease reduces yield and results in poor seed quality, which has a negative impact on the market value of the grain and on seed vigour (Horsley et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…is considered the most important causal agent of FHB and DON production in small grain cereals in Canada and the United States, several other Fusarium spp. are often isolated from infested barley kernels (Clear et al 1996;Salas et al 1999;Sturz and Johnston 1985;Tekauz et al 2000;Xue and Chen 2010). These Fusarium spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of harvest date on barley grain contamination with Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol in northeastern Ontario

Xue

Rowsell²,

et al. 2013

phyto

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The effect of harvest date on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using three cultivars at three locations in Ontario in both 2004 and 2005. The profile of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was dominated by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., isolated from 4.4%, 3.3%, and 1.6% of the kernels, representing 39.3%, 29.4%, and 14.2% of the Fusarium pathogen population, respectively. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were each recovered from <1% of the kernels and represented 8.3% and 6.6% of the pathogen population, respectively. Other species, including F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., collectively occurred only on 0.2% of all kernels and represented <2% of the population. The incidence level of all Fusarium spp. increased from 6.9 to 13.9% when harvest was delayed. Of the commonly recovered species, only F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides levels increased with the delayed harvest, while other species did not follow a clear pattern. DON concentration in the harvested grain ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 mg kg‑1 with the five harvest dates, and was not statistically different. Significant differences in the incidence of all Fusarium spp. and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg‑1, which is below the Canadian tolerance level of 1.0 mg kg‑1.L’effet de la date de récolte sur l’incidence des concentrations aéroportées de Fusarium spp. et de désoxynivalénol (DON) chez l’orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) a été étudié à l’aide de trois cultivars dans trois sites en Ontario en 2004 et 2005. Le profil des Fusarium spp. aéroportées était dominé par F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb. et F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., retrouvées dans 4,4 %, 3,3 % et 1,6 % des grains et représentant 39,3 %, 29,4 % et 14,2 % de la population pathogène de Fusarium, respectivement. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe et F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. ont été retrouvées dans <1 % des grains et représentaient 8,3 % et 6,6 % de la population pathogène, respectivement. D’autres espèces, y compris F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. et F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., étaient présentes dans seulement 0,2 % des grains et représentaient <2 % de la population. Le taux d’incidence de toutes les espèces de Fusarium augmentait de 6,9 à 13,9 % lorsque la récolte était retardée. Chez les espèces les plus souvent retrouvées, seuls les taux de F. avenaceum et F. sporotrichioides ont augmenté lorsqu’on retardait la récolte, alors que les autres espèces n’ont pas suivi de tendance claire. Les concentrations de DON dans les grains récoltés variaient entre 0,20 et 0,28 mg kg‑1 selon les cinq dates de récolte et n’étaient pas statistiquement différentes. Des différences significatives dans l’incidence de toutes les espèces de Fusar...

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“…This variety exhibited the most apparent symptoms of grain infection and the highest DON content. The wide, but stepwise range in visual reactions and other measured parameters suggests that genes acting additively confer resistance to Fusarium (Tekauz et al 2000). Knowing the level of resistance or tolerance present in varieties helps when attempting to manage FHB in an integrated manner.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Fusarium Spp and Don Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain quality and yield of spring barley in field trials under variable growing conditions

Váňová¹,

Palík²,

Hajšlová³

et al. 2006

Plant Soil Environ.

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211Successful growing of spring barley for malting purposes depends on many factors. The yield and its stability as well as grain quality are of great importance to growers. A critical role is ascribed to the previous crop and besides, time and method of its harvest, soil tillage and the method used to manage organic matter from the preceding harvest. These factors affect nutrient content in the soil environment, availability to the root system of spring barley, physical properties of the soil and health status of the crop stand. Here, an important role is played by the variety and its genetically determined resistance to diseases, a course of weather conditions during the year and relevant occurrence of diseases.There are very good conditions for growing spring barley for malting in several regions in the Czech Republic. In the past, cultivation of barley in these regions was based on good crop rotations, where high quality of malting varieties was given by quality of the previous crop. The previous crops, which are mostly used now, were considered less favourable (oilseed rape) and barley was not grown after them at all. Farmers, being under economical pressure, grow barley even after summer intercrops. Furthermore, the barley management practice using the traditional previous crop sugar beet is not the same either, since beet tops are not harvested and producers have reduced a tillage system. Such a tillage system is very often used in the case of other commodities in rotation with barley including wheat, poppy, maize, and oilseed rape. , annual precipitation sum 599 mm) in a five-course crop rotation, where spring barley followed the previous crops sugar beet, winter wheat, maize, and oilseed rape. The experimental years differed a lot in temperature and precipitation. The years 2001 and 2002 were dry and warm and grain yield was much lower as compared to that in the following years even though the other growing conditions were identical. The most stable quality parameters were obtained after the previous crop sugar beet. The average value of test weight was 661 g/l (ranging from 629 to 685 g/l), protein content 11.2% (10.3-11.7%) and starch content 61.5% (58.9-64.9%). Grain yield averaged 6.67 t/ha. Test weight after maize was on average 658 g/l (619-692 g/l), protein content 11.5% (10.1-12.4%), starch content 60.7% (59.2-63.8%), and grain yield 6.24 t/ha. Test weight and starch content were lower and protein content higher after oilseed rape and winter wheat. A higher FHB incidence and DON content were found after the previous crop maize. In 2001 and 2002 with strong water deficit during the growing seasons, more grains infected by Fusarium spp. were detected and DON content was higher too. The increase was due to a short rainy period at heading of spring barley. Problems of variable conditions for growing malting varieties of spring barley and current possibilities of producing both good grain yields and quality are discussed.

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Review: Fusarium head blight of barley in western Canada

Cited by 102 publications

References 18 publications

Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum

Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum

Effect of harvest date on barley grain contamination with Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol in northeastern Ontario

Grain quality and yield of spring barley in field trials under variable growing conditions

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