Review: Implications of vertebrate fossils for paleo-elevations of the Tibetan Plateau

Deng, Tao; Wang, Xiaoming; Wu, Fuli; Wang, Yang; Li, Qiang; Wang, Shiqi; Hou, Sukuan

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.01.005

Cited by 84 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Although this endemism is hypothesized as being driven by tectonic activity, requisite supporting data are infrequent or lacking [10]. The divergence of regional freshwater fishes seemingly occurred when the QTP elevated more than 3,000m in late-Miocene [11], with a potential result being the increased isolation of tributaries.…”

Section: Orogeny and Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Himalayan Uplift and the Evolution of Aquatic Biodiversity Across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a Test Case

Regmi

Douglas

Edds

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The Himalayan uplift, a tectonic event of global importance, seemingly disseminated aquatic biodiversity broadly across Asia. But surprisingly, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. We do so herein by sequencing 1,140 base-pair of mtDNA cytochrome-b for 72 tetraploid Nepalese/Bhutanese Snowtrout (Schizothorax spp.), combining those data with 67 GENBANK sequences (59 ingroup/8 outgroup), then reconstructing phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood/ Bayesian analyses. Results indicate Snowtrout originated in Central Asia, dispersed across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), then into Bhutan via south-flowing tributaries of the east-flowing Yarlung-Tsangpo River (YLTR). The headwaters of five large Asian rivers provided dispersal corridors into southeast Asia. South of the Himalaya, the YLTR transitions into a westward-flowing Brahmaputra River that facilitated successive colonization of Himalayan drainages: First Bhutan, then Nepal, followed by far-western drainages subsequently captured by the Indus River. We found greater species-divergences across rather than within-basins, implicating vicariant evolution as a driver. The Himalaya is a component of the third-pole [largest (but rapidly shrinking) glacial reservoir outside the Arctic/Antarctic]. Its unique aquatic biodiversity must not only be recognized (as herein) but also conserved through broad, trans-national collaborations. Our results effectively contrast phylogeography with taxonomy as a necessary first step in this process.

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Section: Orogeny and Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Himalayan Uplift and the Evolution of Aquatic Biodiversity Across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a Test Case

Regmi

Douglas

Edds

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…7 Ma BP [59]; the oldest fox remains have been found in the late Miocene deposits of Africa, Chad-Vulpes riffautae [59]. The arctic fox probably evolved from an ancestral line of a cold adapted ancestor-an early Pliocene (3.60-5.08 Myr ago) fox, Vulpes qiuzhudingi, from the Tibetan Plateau [60,61]. This early arctic fox from the Himalaya (holotype: IVPP V18923) was characterized by very sharp, hypercarnivorous teeth.…”

Section: Lower Carnassial Evolution In the Arctic Foxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227001.g013 was linked with its adaptation to the very cold conditions present in the Himalayan region at that time, and the presence of sympatric cold-adapted mammals (large body size, long hair, snow sweeping structures)-a potential food base for foxes. A new hypothesis was recently formulated suggesting that the paleo-elevation of the Tibetan Plateau was the 'starting line' for most Quaternary Ice Age fauna [61]. The oldest representatives of the woolly rhino Coelodonta thibetana have been identified from the fossil beds of the Tibetan Plateau [62].…”

Section: Lower Carnassial Evolution In the Arctic Foxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oldest representatives of the woolly rhino Coelodonta thibetana have been identified from the fossil beds of the Tibetan Plateau [62]. Deng et al [61,63] indicated that C. thibetana was the baseline form in the woolly rhino lineage history. Scavenging of the then Tibetan foxes V. qiuzhudingi on carcasses of big, cold-adapted forms of mammals required the relevant body and tooth construction properties.…”

Section: Lower Carnassial Evolution In the Arctic Foxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Were ancient foxes far more carnivorous than recent ones?—Carnassial morphological evidence

Szuma

Germonpré

2020

PLoS ONE

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Crown shape variation of the first lower molar in the arctic (Vulpes lagopus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was analyzed using five groups of morphotypes. Carnassial morphologies were compared between the species and between spatially and temporally distant populations: one Late Pleistocene (n = 45) and seven modern populations of the arctic fox (n = 259), and one Late Pleistocene (n = 35) and eight modern populations of the red fox (n = 606). The dentition of Holocene red foxes had larger morphotype variability than that of arctic foxes. The lower carnassials of the red fox kept have some primitive characters (additional cusps and stylids, complex shape of transverse cristid), whereas the first lower molars of the arctic fox have undergone crown shape simplification, with the occlusal part of the tooth undergoing a more pronounced adaptation to a more carnivorous diet. From the Late Pleistocene of Belgium to the present days, the arctic fox's crown shape has been simplified and some primitive characters have disappeared. In the red fox chronological changes in the morphology of the lower carnassials were not clearly identified. The phyletic tree based on morphotype carnassial characteristics indicated the distinctiveness of both foxes: in the arctic fox line, the ancient population from Belgium and recent Greenland made separate branches, whereas in the red foxes the ancient population from Belgium was most similar to modern red foxes from Belgium and Italy.

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“…During the late Miocene, the hypsodont equids and rhinocerotids coexisted with brachydont or mesodont ones (Figure 3a; Appendix Table A1), but the proportion of hypsodont groups gradually increased. The decreased diversity of rhinocerotids in the early Pliocene was probably due to the expansion of C 4 grasses (Han, Wang, & Liu, 2002), although the climate was relatively warm and humid except in the high altitude, cold Tibetan Plateau (Deng et al, 2019b). The hypsodont equids became the dominant taxa among perissodactyl groups in the Pliocene (Figure 3a; Appendix Table A1).…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perissodactyl diversities and responses to climate changes as reflected by dental homogeneity during the Cenozoic in Asia

Bai

Meng

Janis

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Cenozoic mammal evolution and faunal turnover are considered to have been influenced and triggered by global climate change. Teeth of large terrestrial ungulates are reliable proxies to trace long‐term climatic changes due to their morphological and physicochemical properties; however, the role of premolar molarization in ungulate evolution and related climatic change has rarely been investigated. Recently, three patterns of premolar molarization among perissodactyls have been recognized: endoprotocrista‐derived hypocone (type I); paraconule–protocone separation (type II); and metaconule‐derived pseudohypocone (type III). These three patterns of premolar molarization play an important role in perissodactyl diversity coupled with global climate change during the Cenozoic in Asia. Those groups with a relatively higher degree of premolar molarization, initiated by the formation of the hypocone, survived into Neogene, whereas those with a lesser degree of molarization, initiated by the deformation of existing ridges and cusps, went extinct by the end of the Oligocene. In addition, the hypothesis of the “Ulan Gochu Decline” is proposed here to designate the most conspicuous decrease of perissodactyl diversity that occurred in the latest middle Eocene rather than at the Eocene–Oligocene transition in Asia, as conventionally thought; this event was likely comparable to the contemporaneous post‐Uintan decline of the North American land fauna.

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Review: Implications of vertebrate fossils for paleo-elevations of the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 84 publications

References 75 publications

The Himalayan Uplift and the Evolution of Aquatic Biodiversity Across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a Test Case

The Himalayan Uplift and the Evolution of Aquatic Biodiversity Across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a Test Case

Were ancient foxes far more carnivorous than recent ones?—Carnassial morphological evidence

Perissodactyl diversities and responses to climate changes as reflected by dental homogeneity during the Cenozoic in Asia

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