Review Lecture - Electromagnetic suspension and levitation techniques

Jayawant, B.V.

doi:10.1098/rspa.1988.0036

Cited by 58 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Most of the reported literatures [1][2][3][4][5] in the field of electromagnetic levitation are about simple single magnet based systems. Though these single magnet, single axis levitation schemes may be useful for some industrial applications, the majority of applications require a multi-axis levitation control, where one may need to use a multiple-magnet based levitation system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, implementation, and testing of a single axis levitation system for the suspension of a platform

2007

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, implementation, and testing of a single axis levitation system for the suspension of a platform

2007

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“…One of the main constraints of the superconducting repulsion principle is that it cannot provide suspension force below some critical speed [1,3]. The electrodynamics levitation system is inherently stable, but at high speed it possess stability problem due to negative damping [2]. So some kind of passive damper is required in elctrodynamically levitated vehicle to maintain stability at high speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This flux produces an attractive force on any nearby ferromagnetic material. Assuming idle condition, the magnetic force produced by the coil shown in Fig.1 can be written as [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DC EMLS, the current as well as the attraction force of the electromagnet can be effectively controlled by utilizing a switched mode power amplifier. EMLS requires two necessary subsystems: (i) a primary system for generating the magnetic field and (ii) a system for shaping or trapping the magnetic flux [1][2][3]. In case of DC electromagnetic levitation, electric current in a wire wound coil produces the primary field while the ferromagnetic object or guide-way creates a means of shaping the magnetic flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ANSYS Simulation Based Comparative Study between Different Actuators and Guide-ways used in DC Electromagnetic Suspension Systems

Biswas⃰¹,

Banerjee²

2012

ijeei

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Magnetic levitation is a popular topic of research over the years throughout the world due to its wide range of industrial applications. In any DC attraction type suspension system, actuator and guide-way (rail) plays most important role. In this manuscript FEM based analysis of different structures of actuator and rail (guide-way) has been carried out utilizing ANSYS software. Input power to lift power ratio and lift power magnet weight ratio are two major factors for designing actuator and rail in electromagnetic levitation system (EMLS) [1]. These factors are dependent on the magnet dimensions, required gap flux and hence the required current density in the winding. The magnet configurations chosen on the basis of required pole-face area and necessary window area to house the excitation coils. There are various magnet and rail geometries; i.e. magnet with I, U and E profiles and various winding arrangements with flat and U-profile rail. A FEM analysis utilizing ANSYS software has done to find out the flux pattern, working flux density, field intensity, force etc. for different single actuator based levitation system at different operating conditions. Different aspects of rail and actuator have been described based on the ANSYS simulation results. The main objective is to propose a suitable configuration of actuator and guide-rail for a specific DC electromagnetic levitation system.

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“…INTRODUCTION DC attraction type levitation system (DCALS) is inherently unstable and strongly non-linear in nature ( [1], [2]). A DCALS may be linearised for an operating air-gap and the linearised system can be stabilized using conventional classical controllers.…”

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confidence: 99%

PSO Optimization of the Controller Parameters for an Inherently Unstable Attraction Type Levitation System

Bhaduri¹,

Bagchi²,

Banerjee³

2017

IJET

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Abstract-Optimization of the controller parameters with a comparative analysis approach for a double I core actuator based inherently unstable DC attraction type levitation system (DCALS) is presented here since the classically designed controllers play a very critical role for suspension in air with no visible means of support. Here the proposed system suspends a cylindrical rod under two I core actuators to achieve pitching control of the suspended rod with single degree of freedom movement control, which is a useful application in precision instrumentation. Proposed controllers which are typically employable for suspension purpose are the classically designed controllers such as Lead or, Lead-Lag or, PID for a nominal operating air-gap (10 mm) have been optimized utilizing particle swarm optimization and a comparative analysis of the transient performances has been produced at nominal as well as off-nominal operating air-gaps (low and high). Optimization algorithms are implemented inside the MATLAB software environment. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is found to be more competent in finding optimal results. Keyword-Optimization, DC attraction type levitation system (DCALS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), transient performance. I. INTRODUCTION DC attraction type levitation system (DCALS) is inherently unstable and strongly non-linear in nature ([1], [2]). A DCALS may be linearised for an operating air-gap and the linearised system can be stabilized using conventional classical controllers. Two I core actuator based magnetic levitation system has been proposed to suspend one cylindrical rod in air. To achieve stable suspension of the rod, linearised modeling of the system has been developed at different operating air-gaps and accordingly some conventional classical controllers (Lead, Lead-Lag, PID, PI plus Lead) have been implemented. Resulting controllers have been tuned by extremely tedious and time consuming 'trial and error' process on the 's'-plane utilizing root-locus design concept. Here, the Ziegler-Nichols tuning rule for PID controller tuning, failed straight away since the plant has one zero in the RHS of 's'-plane. It has been found that these controllers provide satisfactory performance in the neighborhood of operating point and performance degradation occurs as the operating point is changed. It becomes difficult for the controllers to maintain stability if there is wide variation of operating air-gap. Due to the inherent nonlinear nature of the system, the uncertainty in the nominal linearised model increases as one move away from the nominal operating point. As a result, the controller becomes practically invalid for large variations of the operating air-gap. But from implementation point of view there is an urgent need to enhance the capability of the controller so that the prototype can stably levitate over a large air-gap variation. One possible solution that is mostly reported in the literature is the design of a non-linear controller by considering the non-linear model of the...

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Review Lecture - Electromagnetic suspension and levitation techniques

Cited by 58 publications

References 53 publications

Design, implementation, and testing of a single axis levitation system for the suspension of a platform

Design, implementation, and testing of a single axis levitation system for the suspension of a platform

ANSYS Simulation Based Comparative Study between Different Actuators and Guide-ways used in DC Electromagnetic Suspension Systems

PSO Optimization of the Controller Parameters for an Inherently Unstable Attraction Type Levitation System

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