Review: <i>Biosensors for the detection of Escherichia coli</i>

Abstract

The supply of safe potable water, free from pathogens and chemicals, requires routine analyses and the application of several diagnostic techniques. Apart from being expensive, many of the detection methods require trained personnel and are often time-consuming. With drastic climate changes, severe droughts, increases in population and pollution of natural water systems, the need to develop ultrasensitive, low-cost and hand-held, point-of-use detection kits to monitor water quality is critical. Although Escherichia coli is still considered the best indicator of water quality, cell numbers may be below detection limits, or the cells may be non-culturable and thus only detected by DNA amplification. A number of different biosensors have been developed to detect viable, dead or non-culturable microbial cells and chemicals in water. This review discusses the differences in these biosensors and evaluates the application of microfluidics in the design of ultra-sensitive nano-biosensors.

Size-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

“…A significant peak at 1629 cm −1 was associated with secondary amides in the E. coli structure. On the other hand, the peaks at 1236 and 1409 cm −1 were attributed to the noncovalent bonding that occurred between –COOH and [ 43 ]. The peak at 520 cm −1 was attributed to disulfide bonding (S–S) adherence between GO and E. coli after treatment, indicating that ions were formed in the outer membrane [ 44 ].…”

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

“…Colorimetric biosensors have become popular in analytical applications due to their high sensitivity, convenience, and ease of signal readout [ 7 – 8 ]. These biosensors have been extensively utilized in pathogen identification, primarily because of their ability to rapidly display results in visible color [ 9 – 10 ]. Nanomaterials have improved the ability to detect pathogens in water and food by enhancing signals and sensitivity.…”

Highly Sensitive Optical Detection of Escherichia coli Using Terbium-Based Metal–Organic Framework

“…For the detection of E. coli, also various biosensors have been developed based on the use of different nanomaterials. − The use of nanomaterials in biosensors is well known to provide enhanced sensitivity and specificity in comparison to other traditional materials. , A large number of biosensors developed for E. coli are based on electrochemistry. − The optical biosensors for E.…”