Review: Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Farmakologi Tanaman Mangrove Sonneratia alba

Abstract

Sonneratia alba is a mangrove species widely distributed in Indonesia and locally known as pidada putih or perepat. Various parts of this plant have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of bruises, sprains, malaria, appendicitis, liver, increased appetite, and stamina. This review summarizes the latest information regarding secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of extracts and phytochemicals of the mangrove S. alba, potentially used for pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. In the last 10 years (2011-2021), a growing number of reports revealed pharmacological potential of S. alba as antibacterial and antioxidant. At least 17 secondary metabolites have been described from S. alba collected from various plant parts such as fruits, leaves, stems, and roots. In addition, various chemical classes of metabolites such as terpenoids/triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolics, saponins, and steroids were reported from this plant.
 Keywords: Pharmacological activity, secondary metabolites, Sonneratia alba

Antibacterial activities of three species of mangrove leaves extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

“…The theory says that the antibacterial effectiveness of mangrove leaves is due to the content of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, which can be seen from preliminary phytochemical tests showing mangrove extracts contain all the secondary metabolites tested. [12]. Alkaloids are shown to have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with sound antibacterial effects [13,14].…”

“…The results of testing ethanol extracts of mangrove leaves Scyphipora hydrophylaceae C.F.Gaertn; Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt and Avicennia alba Blume against bacteria S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, can be seen in tables 2, 3 and 4 through measurement of diameter of inhibition (DDH). According to [12], the effectiveness of an antibacterial can be seen from the inhibition zone formed and is divided into four groups based on the precise area began, namely weak response (diameter ≤5 mm), moderate (diameter 5-10 mm), substantial (diameter >10-20 mm), and solid (diameter ≥20 mm). It can be seen from the table that ethanol extracts of mangrove leaves Scyphipora hydrophylaceae C.F.Gaertn and Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt have a solid response to E. coli bacteria and moderate potential against S. aureus bacteria at a concentration of 15%.…”

Study on the Utilization of Mangrove Forest Plants

“…The perepat plant (Sonneratia alba), commonly found in mangrove forests, possesses antimicrobial properties and contains various enzymes that play a crucial role in the mangrove ecosystem and have the potential for applications in various industries. The antimicrobial properties of this plant are related to the production of compounds such as tannins and flavonoids, which are effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the mangrove environment, thus contributing to maintaining ecosystem balance (Latief et al, 2019;Mairing & Ariantari, 2022;Latief, et al, 2021). Additionally, perepat also contains enzymes like peroxidase and cellulase, which play a role in the detoxification of toxic compounds and the breakdown of complex organic matter, such as cellulose.…”

Antibacterial test of Rhizophora apiculata extract originated from Mangrove Wonorejo Surabaya against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

“…Mangroves are found in areas protected by sand dunes, islands, coral reefs and seagrass beds. Mangrove ecosystems thrive in protected areas such as beaches, bays and lagoons [1]. Mangroves have been the subject of conservation studies because of the many natural products with beneficial activities and commercial values resulting from them.…”