Review: Methods and biomarkers to investigate intestinal function and health in pigs

Sciascia, Q.; Metges, C. C.

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100860

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Future work will include expanding animal models to include other gram-negative ESKAPEE species and strains. Furthermore, wound infection testing was only shown in a murine model, while the best model system with respect to wound infections would be the porcine wound model given that pig skin has close similarities to human skin 41,42 . We postulate that we could subsequently evaluate SPR206 in a porcine wound infection model where we would also expect success given the previous results with PMB 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polymyxin SPR206 remediates gram-negative infections in vivo

Fitzgerald,

Castellanos,

Escatte

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli), particularly the gram-negative species, are a problematic group of bacteria associated with nosocomial infections in susceptible patients. These infections are often further complicated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and a lack of treatment options. While the pipeline of new antibiotics is nothing short of thin when it comes to gram-negative activity, one promising molecule is SPR206. SPR206 is a novel polymyxin antibiotic, a nonapeptide designed to overcome the nephrotoxicity associated with other members of this drug class. As intended, SPR206 was found to be safe with no severe adverse events in a Phase 1, single ascending dose/multiple ascending dose clinical trial. SPR206 has in vitro activity against almost all gram-negative species, and we confirmed this activity in minimal inhibitory concentration assays against unique diversity sets of bacterial isolates. Additionally, bactericidal activity was observed in time-kill assays, which is expected for polymyxins. Subsequently, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of SPR206 in three separate in vivo models: Galleria mellonella and two murine models, a pulmonary model and a wound model. In G. mellonella and in the mouse pulmonary model, SPR206 provided almost 100% survival in treated animal groups when compared to untreated control groups. With wound infection, SPR206 significantly reduced bacterial burden and decreased time to heal compared to untreated groups. With wound infection, SPR206 significantly reduced bacterial burden and decreased time to heal compared to untreated groups. These results suggest SPR206 is a potent antibiotic with MDR gram-negative activity that could have expanded clinical indications to include skin and soft tissue infection and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polymyxin SPR206 remediates gram-negative infections in vivo

Fitzgerald,

Castellanos,

Escatte

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…A common method of correcting for the effects of dilution is to express the urinary cortisol as a ratio to the urinary creatinine. The most common method for determining catecholamines and corticosteroids in urine and faecal samples is HPLC-MS ( Cook 2012 ); however, ELISA can be applied as well ( Sciascia and Metges 2023 ).…”

Section: Pig Welfare Biomarkers In Urine and Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive methods for analysing pig welfare biomarkers

Svoboda,

Nemeckova,

Medkova

et al. 2024

Vet. Med.

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At present, the assessment of pig welfare quality has gained significant importance, prompting the exploration of novel biomarkers for this purpose. Traditionally, these biomarkers have been monitored in the blood; however, blood sampling is considered an invasive procedure. Currently, non-invasive methods for collecting samples are emerging as viable alternatives for assessing these biomarkers. This article aims to present the current knowledge regarding the use of non-invasive methods for analysing pig welfare biomarkers, specifically focusing on the saliva, hair, faeces, and urine as matrices to determine these biomarkers. The saliva analysis encompasses various biomarkers, such as cortisol, alpha-amylase, chromogranin A, the total esterase, oxytocin, acute phase proteins, adenosine deaminase, immunoglobulins and parameters of redox homeostasis. Cortisol, a specific biomarker, can be determined in the hair, urine and faeces, while urine samples allow for the analysis of catecholamines as non-invasive markers of pig welfare.

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