Review of 2022 WHO guidelines on the control and elimination of schistosomiasis

Lo, Nathan; Bezerra, Fernando Schemelzer de Moraes; Colley, Daniel G.; Fleming, Fiona; Homeida, M; Kabatereine, Narcis B.; Kabole, Fatma; King, Charles H.; Mafe, M A; Midzi, Nicholas; Mutapi, Francisca; Mwanga, Joseph R.; Ramzy, Reda M. R.; Satrija, Fadjar; Stothard, J. Russell; Traoré, Mamadou; Webster, Joanne P.; Utzinger, Jürg; Zhou, Xiao‐Nong; Danso‐Appiah, Anthony; Eusebi, Paolo; Loker, Eric S.; Obonyo, Charles; Quansah, Reginald; Liang, Song; Vaillant, Michel; Murad, M Hassan; Hagan, Paul; Garba, Amadou

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00221-3

Cited by 115 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Calls to develop specific programmatic guidance on how to achieve and maintain EPHP 6,33 have yet to be heeded. 16,17 Unfortunately, we believe an outdated framework for EPHP remains in place and a large disconnect remains between existing practice and recent findings. A move away from PHI-based targets is needed to align with current knowledge of morbidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Furthermore, WHO's treatment strategy for schistosomiasis mass drug administration is determined by the prevalence and does not use PHI. 16,17 Collecting intensity data to determine whether a PHI threshold has been reached involves a larger sample to be tested. Intensity determinations also require the counting of eggs and are more prone to measurement error than a binary decision for prevalence.…”

Section: Infection Prevalence Not Phimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining elimination as a public health problem for schistosomiasis control programmes: beyond prevalence of heavy-intensity infections

Wiegand

Fleming²,

Vlas

et al. 2022

The Lancet Global Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infection Prevalence Not Phimentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining elimination as a public health problem for schistosomiasis control programmes: beyond prevalence of heavy-intensity infections

Wiegand

Fleming²,

Vlas

et al. 2022

The Lancet Global Health

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“…POC-CCA accuracy has been found to vary depending on production batch, raising questions regarding production quality control and calls for the optimisation and standardisation of production [60–62]. This is of particular relevance if POC-CCA is to become reliable a tool with which to determine whether to treat human and livestock populations [2–4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this, point-of-care diagnostic testing is particularly needed wherever there is a necessity for a fast diagnostic outcome that is independent from sophisticated, time-consuming, labour-intense and/or expensive laboratory procedures [1]. This need may be most exemplified for the neglected tropical and zoonotic diseases (NTDs/NZDs), as clearly stressed within the new World Health Organization’s (WHO) NTD Roadmap for 2021-2030 [2] and revised WHO Guideline for the control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, most notably that of recommendation 6 [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of human point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in African livestock for rapid diagnosis of schistosomiasis: a Bayesian latent class analysis

Calvo-Urbano

Léger

Gabain

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease (NTD) affecting both humans and animals. The morbidity and mortality inflicted upon livestock in sub-Saharan Africa has been largely overlooked, in part due to a lack of validated sensitive and specific tests, which do not require specialist training or equipment to deliver and interpret. Inexpensive, non-invasive, and sensitive diagnostic tests for livestock-use would also facilitate both prevalence mapping and appropriate intervention programmes. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the currently available point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen test (POC-CCA), designed for Schistosoma mansoni detection in humans, for the detection of intestinal livestock schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma curassoni. POC-CCA, together with the circulating anodic antigen (CAA) test, miracidial hatching technique (MHT) and organ and mesentery inspection (for animals from abattoirs only), were applied to samples collected from 195 animals (56 cattle and 139 small ruminants (goats and sheep) from abattoirs and living populations) from Senegal. POC-CCA sensitivity varied by ruminant group and by location/parasite species: sensitivity was greater in Barkedji (cattle: mean 81% (95% credible interval (CrI): 55%-98%); small ruminants: 49% (29%-87%), where livestock were primarily infected by S. curassoni, than in Richard Toll (cattle: 62% (41%-84%); small ruminants: 12% (1%-37%), where S. bovis was the main parasite species. Mean POC-CCA specificity across sites in small ruminants was 91% (77%-99%) with little variation between locations/parasites (Barkedji: 91% (73%-99%); Richard Toll: 88% (65%-99%). Specificity could not be assessed in cattle owing to the low number of uninfected cattle surveyed. Overall, our results indicate that, whilst the current POC-CCA does represent a potential diagnostic tool for animal schistosomiasis, future work is needed to develop a livestock-specific affordable and field-applicable diagnostic tests to enable determination of the true extent of livestock schistosomiasis.

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“…Among them, the Schistosoma genus is the most important in terms of human health and social-economic impacts. Human schistosomiasis affects about 250 million people in about 78 countries worldwide, with the largest disease burden throughout sub-Saharan Africa [5]. The Schistosoma genus is composed of about 23 recognized species with at least 19 species that infect livestock and wild animals [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating Interactions between Schistosoma bovis and S. mansoni and Compatibility of Their F1 Progeny with Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus truncatus

et al. 2022

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Contrary to the majority of other Trematoda, Schistosoma species are gonochoric. Consequently, in endemic areas where several schistosome species overlap and can co-infect the same definitive host, there may be frequent opportunities for interspecific pairing. Our experimental study provides novel insight on the pairing behavior between Schistosoma bovis and S. mansoni in mixed infections in mice. We used six mate choice experiments to assess mating interactions between the two schistosome species. We show that mating between the two Schistosoma species is not random and that S. mansoni exhibits greater mate recognition compared to S. bovis. We also performed reciprocal crosses (male S. mansoni × female S. bovis) and (female S. mansoni × male S. bovis) that produce active swimming miracidia. These miracidia were genotyped by ITS2 sequencing and proposed for mollusc infection. Molecular analyses show that all the miracidia are parthenogenetically produced (i.e., their harbor the mother ITS2 genotype) and as a consequence can only infect the mollusc of the maternal species. Offspring produced by male S. mansoni × female S. bovis pairing can only infect Bulinus truncatus whereas offspring produced by female S. mansoni × male S. bovis can only infect Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Evolutionary and epidemiological consequences are discussed.

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Review of 2022 WHO guidelines on the control and elimination of schistosomiasis

Cited by 115 publications

References 38 publications

Defining elimination as a public health problem for schistosomiasis control programmes: beyond prevalence of heavy-intensity infections

Defining elimination as a public health problem for schistosomiasis control programmes: beyond prevalence of heavy-intensity infections

Sensitivity and specificity of human point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in African livestock for rapid diagnosis of schistosomiasis: a Bayesian latent class analysis

Mating Interactions between Schistosoma bovis and S. mansoni and Compatibility of Their F1 Progeny with Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus truncatus

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