Review of advanced grid requirements for the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants in the transmission system

Cabrera-Tobar, Ana; Bullich‐Massagué, Eduard; Aragüés‐Peñalba, Mònica; Gomis‐Bellmunt, Oriol

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.044

Cited by 163 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This leads to networks with small average shortest path lengths between nodes , and high clustering coefficient C. Figure 1b shows the aspect and P(k) of a WS we have generated with N = 100 nodes and "rewiring probability" p = 0.2. It has a short mean distance, 6.04, and high clustering, C ≈ 0.274. Most of the small-world networks have exponential degree distributions [73].…”

Section: Small-world Property and Its Importance In Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efficiently integrating distributed RE generation systems [3][4][5] is a key research topic because the most used renewable energies-photovoltaic (PV) solar energy [6,7], wind energy [8,9] and marine energy [10]-are intermittent and more difficult to store [11] and integrate without affecting the quality of the electrical network [12] or the electricity prices [13]. The current proliferation of small-scale urban PV in buildings [14] and urban wind generators [15] can help home electricity consumers become also producers ("prosumers") [16] using the smart grid (SG) [17,18] and micro-grids (µ−Gs) [19] concepts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entropic degree of a node i, S i , defined by Equation (6), has the advantage of providing a quantitative measurements of the importance of buses [82] in power grids by including the involved link weights and their number and distributions. 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Structure of Distribution Smart Grids with Renewable Generation against Abnormal Conditions: A Complex Networks Approach with Evolutionary Algorithms

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, we describe an approach that allows for optimizing the structure of a smart grid (SG) with renewable energy (RE) generation against abnormal conditions (imbalances between generation and consumption, overloads or failures arising from the inherent SG complexity) by combining the complex network (CN) and evolutionary algorithm (EA) concepts. We propose a novel objective function (to be minimized) that combines cost elements, related to the number of electric cables, and several metrics that quantify properties that are beneficial for SGs (energy exchange at the local scale and high robustness and resilience). The optimized SG structure is obtained by applying an EA in which the chromosome that encodes each potential network (or individual) is the upper triangular matrix of its adjacency matrix. This allows for fully tailoring the crossover and mutation operators. We also propose a domain-specific initial population that includes both small-world and random networks, helping the EA converge quickly. The experimental work points out that the proposed method works well and generates the optimum, synthetic, small-world structure that leads to beneficial properties such as improving both the local energy exchange and the robustness. The optimum structure fulfills a balance between moderate cost and robustness against abnormal conditions. Our approach should be considered as an analysis, planning and decision-making tool to gain insight into smart grid structures so that the low level detailed design is carried out by using electrical engineering techniques.

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Section: Small-world Property and Its Importance In Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Structure of Distribution Smart Grids with Renewable Generation against Abnormal Conditions: A Complex Networks Approach with Evolutionary Algorithms

et al. 2017

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“…The code depends on the country in which the RETs are going to interconnect. For instance, the grid code for large-scale photovoltaic power plants (LS-PVPPs) and very large-scale PVPPs (VLS-PVPPs) connected to the transmission system vary according to the country's grid code, as indicated by [66]. In this study, the grid code parameters have been considered accomplished, according to the existing one in the SEN.…”

Section: Rets System Proposals and Its Combination With Diesel And Flmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV, Wind and Storage Integration on Small Islands for the Fulfilment of the 50-50 Renewable Electricity Generation Target

2017

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Decarbonisation in the generation of electricity is necessary to reduce fossil fuel consumption, the pollution emitted and to meet the Energy Technology Perspectives 2 • C Scenario (2DS) targets. Small islands are not exempt from this target, so this study's emphasis is placed on a 50-50 target: to reduce the fossil fuel consumption through electricity generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to cover 50% of all electric demand by 2050 on small islands. Using Cozumel Island, Mexico, as a case study, this analysis will be based on three factors: economical, technical, and land-use possibilities of integrating Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) into the existing electrical grid. This analysis is made through long-term statistical models. A deterministic methodology is used to perform time-series simulations. The selection of the best system was made on the basis of a Dimensional Statistical Variable (DSV) through primary and secondary category rankings. The presented methodology determines the best systems for capturing the initial capital cost and competitiveness of this new proposal compared with the current system of electricity generation on the Island, and can be applied to small islands as well. According to the results, all systems proposed are able to completely satisfy the renewable electricity needed by 2050 in all scenarios. From the 12 system proposals that were compared, two systems, System 2 and System 7, were chosen as eligible systems to be installed. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) result for System 2 was 0.2518 US$/kWh and for System 7 was 0.2265 US$/kWh by 2018 in the Base Scenario. Meanwhile, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value fluctuated from 17.2% for System 2 to 31% for System 7.

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“…Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PV) array as an essential renewable energy source, obviously, due to the significant penetration of PV sources in electricity generation [1] [2]. It was generally considered that partial shading (PS) may seriously affect the characteristic curve of the PV arrays [3] [4] [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Cloud Influence on PV Grid Connected System

Osman¹,

Li²,

Zhen³

et al. 2018

SGRE

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In recent years, PV panels witnessed a vigorous gross, as their performance and the leverage of large-scale industrial production steadily decreased costs. Factors such as solar irradiance, insolation, mismatch of modules/arrays characteristic, aging, partial shading situation have a major effect on the harvested power. Evidence suggests that partial shading situation is the most critical factor and causes a significant reduction in PV system output. In this paper, a method based on two degrees of freedom, namely upper and lower was proposed in order to address the partial shading losses that due to cloud movement. Moreover, an extensive simulation of voltage, current indicators, bypassed modules, fault string, and DC output power was presented to analyze the PV system. The validation of experimental data analysis was carried out on two different days with different amounts of solar irradiance in Minqin County, Gansu Province, China. The results indicated that the power losses were 18.989 W and 127.629 W according to the minimum and the maximum irradiations

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Review of advanced grid requirements for the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants in the transmission system

Cited by 163 publications

References 70 publications

Optimizing the Structure of Distribution Smart Grids with Renewable Generation against Abnormal Conditions: A Complex Networks Approach with Evolutionary Algorithms

Optimizing the Structure of Distribution Smart Grids with Renewable Generation against Abnormal Conditions: A Complex Networks Approach with Evolutionary Algorithms

PV, Wind and Storage Integration on Small Islands for the Fulfilment of the 50-50 Renewable Electricity Generation Target

Experimental Study of the Cloud Influence on PV Grid Connected System

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