Review of advanced techniques for multi‐gigabit visible light communication

Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising candidate for future indoor wireless communication. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are popular choices as transmitters for VLC, since they are energy efficient and have the ability to provide illumination and data transmission simultaneously. VLC is attractive for reasons such as security, the ability to use a licence free spectrum, and broad bandwidth. Previous review articles on VLC mainly focused on VLC network algorithms, implementation challenges, system design, applications, and physical layer technologies. Unlike the existing reviews, this study presents stateof-the-art VLC systems for high-speed data communication in the gigabit range and the techniques to achieve such high data rates. In addition, concepts such as LED modelling and fabrication process, recent commercial advancements of VLC products, and hybrid/heterogeneous networks to achieve high data rate are highlighted in this study. For this purpose, some key technologies of VLC systems, including channel equalisation from both transmitter and receiver sides, higher-order modulation techniques, wavelength division multiplexing, multiple input multiple output technology, LED modelling, and advanced fabrication processes are discussed. This study also covers recent advancements in commercialisation of VLC technology, and recent progress made by various research groups. RGB LED 15-35 MHz illumination + communication high multichip 25-30 MHz colour channel average RCLED ∼100 MHz communication high micro 350∼900 MHz sensing + communication high GaN nano-wire based ∼1 GHz high-speed communication high

An investigation on the application solution of light emitting diodes for improving the working bandwidth in visible light communication

“…Visible light communication (VLC) is an emerging wireless optical communication technology [1][2][3] . Compared with traditional radio frequency (RF) communication, there are many advantages in visible light communication, such as low cost, no harmful radiation, high bright output, high power efficiency, and a long lifetime, especially in some nuclear power plants.…”

High Quality Factor in Solution-Processed Inorganic Microcavities Embedding CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals

“…One of the greatest challenges facing the scientific community today is the ability to manipulate light. Full control over the properties of light would benefit many important technological applications, ranging from photovoltaics, , photocatalysis, , telecommunications, , and modulators. − planar photonic crystal microcavities (MCs) made of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) , are well known to modulate the dielectric environment of an emitter embedded in the defect layer. Such a modulation can indeed affect its emission spectrum by redistributing the strength of the fluorescence oscillator.…”

Performance enhancement of visible light communication (VLC) system incorporating WMZCC‐OCDMA codes and PDM‐QPSK‐DSP data encoding

“…However, ZCC codes suffer from longer code lengths, which in turn cause bandwidth constraints but have the advantage of lower multiple access interference (MAI). Performance enhancement in OCDMA is reported using various codes like Walsh hadamard codes, 20 diagonal double weight, 21 random diagonal codes, 22 enhanced double weight 23 and modified double weight, 24 but these codes are NZCC codes and therefore have code spectrum overlapping. Further, researchers accentuated the use of ZCC codes and investigated simple hardware‐based OCDMA spectral amplitude codes (SAC) such as ZCC, 25 modified (MZCC), 26 balanced incomplete block design (BIBD), 27 double weight ZCC (DW‐ZCC), 28 multiweight ZCC (MW‐ZCC) 29 and zero cross‐correlation magic square variable weight optical orthogonal code (ZMS‐VWOOC) 30 …”