Review of analytical techniques for arsenic detection and determination in drinking water

Bhat, Abhijnan; Hara, Tony O; Tian, Furong; Singh, Balwinder

doi:10.1039/d2va00218c

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…They can assess the intricate details of spectral reflectance at various wavelengths, providing a more complete picture. However, this increased capability often comes at a higher cost compared to colorimeters [ 27 ].…”

Section: Colorimetric Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Marsh reaction’s ability to detect minute quantities of arsenic (down to parts per billion) revolutionized the field, allowing for the precise identification of arsenic poisoning in forensic cases. Despite its complexity and the necessity for careful handling due to the toxic arsine gas, the method set a high standard for sensitivity in analytical chemistry [ 27 , 38 ]…”

Section: Colorimetric Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Nanomaterials and Colorimetric Detection of Arsenic in Water: Review and Future Perspectives

Bhat,

Tian,

Singh

2024

Sensors

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Arsenic, existing in various chemical forms such as arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)), demands serious attention in water and environmental contexts due to its significant health risks. It is classified as “carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top 10 chemicals posing major public health concerns. This widespread contamination results in millions of people globally being exposed to dangerous levels of arsenic, making it a top priority for the WHO. Chronic arsenic toxicity, known as arsenicosis, presents with specific skin lesions like pigmentation and keratosis, along with systemic manifestations including chronic lung diseases, liver issues, vascular problems, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer, often leading to fatal outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel, cost-effective, and reliable methods with rapid response and improved sensitivities (detection limits). Most of the traditional detection techniques often face limitations in terms of complexity, cost, and the need for sophisticated equipment requiring skilled analysts and procedures, which thereby impedes their practical use, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Colorimetric methods leverage colour changes which are observable and quantifiable using simple instrumentation or even visual inspection. This review explores the colorimetric techniques designed to detect arsenite and arsenate in water. It covers recent developments in colorimetric techniques, and advancements in the role of nanomaterials in colorimetric arsenic detection, followed by discussion on current challenges and future prospects. The review emphasizes efforts to improve sensitivity, selectivity, cost, and portability, as well as the role of advanced materials/nanomaterials to boost the performance of colorimetric assays/sensors towards combatting this pervasive global health concern.

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Section: Colorimetric Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colorimetric Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Nanomaterials and Colorimetric Detection of Arsenic in Water: Review and Future Perspectives

Bhat,

Tian,

Singh

2024

Sensors

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“…Electrochemical biosensors are often used due to their affordable cost, fast analysis time, portability, and potential for miniaturisation [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ], as well as their well-reported suitability for the detection of antibiotics [ 42 , 70 , 74 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Various strategies can be used to transduce (electrochemically) a biorecognition reaction with antibiotics (shown in Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Electrochemical Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Antibiotics in Milk: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives

Singh,

Bhat,

Dutta

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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Antibiotics have emerged as ground-breaking medications for the treatment of infectious diseases, but due to the excessive use of antibiotics, some drugs have developed resistance to microorganisms. Because of their structural complexity, most antibiotics are excreted unchanged, polluting the water, soil, and natural resources. Additionally, food items are being polluted through the widespread use of antibiotics in animal feed. The normal concentrations of antibiotics in environmental samples typically vary from ng to g/L. Antibiotic residues in excess of these values can pose major risks the development of illnesses and infections/diseases. According to estimates, 300 million people will die prematurely in the next three decades (by 2050), and the WHO has proclaimed “antibiotic resistance” to be a severe economic and sociological hazard to public health. Several antibiotics have been recognised as possible environmental pollutants (EMA) and their detection in various matrices such as food, milk, and environmental samples is being investigated. Currently, chromatographic techniques coupled with different detectors (e.g., HPLC, LC-MS) are typically used for antibiotic analysis. Other screening methods include optical methods, ELISA, electrophoresis, biosensors, etc. To minimise the problems associated with antibiotics (i.e., the development of AMR) and the currently available analytical methods, electrochemical platforms have been investigated, and can provide a cost-effective, rapid and portable alternative. Despite the significant progress in this field, further developments are necessary to advance electrochemical sensors, e.g., through the use of multi-functional nanomaterials and advanced (bio)materials to ensure efficient detection, sensitivity, portability, and reliability. This review summarises the use of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of antibiotics in milk/milk products and presents a brief introduction to antibiotics and AMR followed by developments in the field of electrochemical biosensors based on (i) immunosensor, (ii) aptamer (iii) MIP, (iv) enzyme, (v) whole-cell and (vi) direct electrochemical approaches. The role of nanomaterials and sensor fabrication is discussed wherever necessary. Finally, the review discusses the challenges encountered and future perspectives. This review can serve as an insightful source of information, enhancing the awareness of the role of electrochemical biosensors in providing information for the preservation of the health of the public, of animals, and of our environment, globally.

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“…The toxicity of trivalent arsenicals is more pronounced than that of pentavalent arsenicals, leading to chronic arsenicosis in developing countries, including China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Iran, and India, as well as Chile and Taiwan [ 10 ]. The maximum allowable limit of arsenic in drinking water, established by the WHO, US-EPA, and EU, is 10 ppb [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Both acute and chronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water can be considered risk factors for various human diseases, including skin cancer, skin pigmentation changes, hyperkeratosis, heart disease, hypertension, lung cancer, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, liver cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and upper urinary tract carcinoma [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics Analysis and Biochemical Profiling of Arsenic-Induced Metabolic Impairment and Disease Susceptibility

Shoaib,

Afzal,

Feezan

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Our study aimed to conduct a comprehensive biochemical profiling and metabolomics analysis to investigate the effects of arsenic-induced metabolic disorders, with a specific focus on disruptions in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, we sought to assess the therapeutic potential of resveratrol (RSV) as a remedy for arsenic-induced diabetes, using metformin (MF) as a standard drug for comparison. We measured the total arsenic content in mouse serum by employing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after administering a 50-ppm solution of sodium arsenate (50 mg/L) in purified water. Our findings revealed a substantial increase in total arsenic content in the exposed group, with a mean value of 166.80 ± 8.52 ppb (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we investigated the impact of arsenic exposure on various biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Arsenic exposed mice exhibited significant hyperglycemia (p < 0.001) and elevated levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (Hb1Ac), Inflammatory biomarkers as well as liver and kidney function biomarkers (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of crucial enzymes linked to carbohydrate metabolism, including α-glucosidase, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PS), and oxidative stress biomarkers, such as levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were significantly reduced in the arsenic-exposed group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the level of MDA was significantly increased. Molecular analysis of gene expression indicated significant upregulation of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-I (CPT-I), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-II (CPT-II), lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and others. Additionally, alterations in gene expression related to glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), and glucokinase (GK), associated with carbohydrate metabolism, were observed. Amino acid analysis revealed significant decreases in nine amino acids in arsenic-exposed mice. Metabolomics analysis identified disruptions in lipid metabolomes, amino acids, and arsenic metabolites, highlighting their involvement in essential metabolic pathways. Histopathological observations revealed significant changes in liver architecture, hepatocyte degeneration, and increased Kupffer cells in the livers of arsenic-exposed mice. In conclusion, these findings enhance our comprehension of the impact of environmental toxins on metabolic health and offer potential avenues for remedies against such disruptions.

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Review of analytical techniques for arsenic detection and determination in drinking water

Abstract: Arsenic occurs in the natural environment in four oxidation states: As(V), As(III), As(0) and As(−III). The behavior of arsenic species changes depending on the biotic or abiotic conditions in water....

Cited by 22 publications

References 161 publications

Advances in Nanomaterials and Colorimetric Detection of Arsenic in Water: Review and Future Perspectives

Advances in Nanomaterials and Colorimetric Detection of Arsenic in Water: Review and Future Perspectives

Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Antibiotics in Milk: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives

Metabolomics Analysis and Biochemical Profiling of Arsenic-Induced Metabolic Impairment and Disease Susceptibility

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