Review of Biogeography, Host Range and Evolution of Acoustic Hunting in Ormiini (Insecta, Diptera, Tachinidae), Parasitoids of Night-calling Bushcrickets and Crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera, Ensifera)

Lehmann, Gerlind U. C.

doi:10.1078/0044-5231-00091

Cited by 68 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Since 1991, we have been examining the responses to such conflicting selective pressure in populations of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus, an Australian and Pacific Island species introduced to three Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, the Big Island of Hawaii and Kauai), where it is subject to an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea (Zuk et al 1993). The parasitoid is North American in origin and overlaps in range with T. oceanicus only in Hawaii (Lehmann 2003). The fly finds its host using the same signal (the calling song) that males produce to attract mates; fly larvae burrow into the cricket and develop inside, killing the host upon emergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent night: adaptive disappearance of a sexual signal in a parasitized population of field crickets

2006

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Sexual signals are often critical for mate attraction and reproduction, although their conspicuousness exposes them to parasites and predators. We document the near-disappearance of song, the sexual signal of crickets, and its replacement with a novel silent morph, in a population subject to strong natural selection by a deadly acoustically orienting parasitoid fly. On the Hawaiian Island of Kauai, more than 90% of male field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) shifted in less than 20 generations from a normal-wing morphology to a mutated wing that renders males unable to call (flatwing). Flatwing morphology protects male crickets from the parasitoid, which uses song to find hosts, but poses obstacles for mate attraction, since females also use the males' song to locate mates. Field experiments support the hypothesis that flatwings overcome the difficulty of attracting females without song by acting as 'satellites' to the few remaining callers, showing enhanced phonotaxis to the calling song that increases female encounter rate. Thus, variation in behaviour facilitated establishment of an otherwise maladaptive morphological mutation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent night: adaptive disappearance of a sexual signal in a parasitized population of field crickets

2006

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“…The Polynesian field cricket, T. oceanicus, was recently introduced to Hawaii (Kevan, 1990), where it encounters a deadly parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, that is found nowhere else in its range (Lehmann, 2003). This novel natural enemy is attracted to the crickets' mating signal, the calling song (Cade, 1975;Zuk et al, 1993), and is known to have influenced the crickets' song structure and mating behavior in Hawaii (Zuk et al, 1993(Zuk et al, , 2001Lewkiewicz and Zuk, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolutionary change in a sexual signal: genetic control of the mutation ‘flatwing’ that renders male field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) mute

Tinghitella

2007

Heredity

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Colonizing events may expose organisms to physical and ecological environments found nowhere else in their range. Novel selection pressures can then influence subsequent rapid evolutionary changes. Here, I investigate the genetics of one such rapid change in the sexual signal of Polynesian field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, that recently colonized the Hawaiian Islands. In Hawaii, T. oceanicus encounter a deadly parasitoid fly found nowhere else in their range. In o20 generations, a wing mutation, flatwing, that eliminates the crickets' song, an important sexual signal, but protects them from the fly, spread to 490% of males on the island of Kauai. I show, using crosses between flatwing males and females from a population that has never contained flatwings, that the song-suppressing mutation is due to a change in a single sex-linked locus. Contemporary evolution of secondary sexual characteristics has only rarely been identified as the result of single-gene changes and never before as a single sex-linked locus, but sex-linked inheritance is thought to facilitate the rapid evolution of these types of traits. Because divergence of sexual signals can influence reproductive isolation, understanding how colonization events and subsequent selection affect signals, and the genetic mechanisms of such change, can shed light on processes likely to play a role in speciation.

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“…In this study we found that chorus times in T. chloromera (pre-noon) and T. pruinosa (dusk) were correlated with certain environmental conditions (table 1). As shown for other members of the genus Tibicen [Hastings and Toolson, 1991], such correlations may reflect differences in the ability to thermoregulate, with cicadas that are endothermic singing at different times than those that are ectothermic, such as T. chloromera [Sandborn, 2000;Sanborn et al, 1995;2003]. Whether singing in T. pruinosa and T. chloromera is physiologically restricted by environmental conditions or not, correlations between chorus timing and environmental conditions may also reflect use of these conditions as cues for timing behavior appropriately [Loher, 1972;Loher and Orsak, 1985;Alexander, 1960;Crawford and Dadone, 1979].…”

Section: Diel Singing Patterns and Parasitoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some species of acoustically signaling insects male calling songs not only attract conspecifics, but also acoustically orienting parasitoids [Cade, 1975;Soper et al 1976;Lehmann, 2003]. For example, several species of ormiine flies (Tachinidae) are acoustic parasitoids of a variety of singing orthopterans [Burk, 1982;Allen, 1995;Lakes-Harlan and Heller, 1992].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Sensitivity of an Acoustic Parasitoid (<i>Emblemasoma</i> sp., Sarcophagidae, Diptera) and the Calling Behavior of Potential Hosts

Farris

Oshinsky²,

Forrest³

et al. 2008

Brain Behav Evol

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Using field broadcasts of model male calling songs, we tested whether Tibicen pruinosa and T. chloromera (Homoptera: Cicadidae) are candidate hosts for acoustic parasitoid flies. The model calling song of T. pruinosa attracted 90% of the flies (Sarcophagidae: Emblemasoma sp.; all larvapositing females) when broadcast simultaneously with the model T. chloromera song, a phonotactic bias reconfirmed in single song playbacks. In paired broadcasts of model T. pruinosa songs with different relative amplitudes (3 dB or 6 dB), significantly more flies were attracted to the more powerful song, a result consistent with the responses predicted by a model proposed by Forrest and Raspet [1994]. Using intracellular recordings and dye injections, we characterized the sensitivity of auditory units in sound-trapped flies. Intracellular recordings from six auditory units (5 interneurons, 1 afferent) revealed best sensitivity for frequencies near 3-4 kHz, matching the predominant spectral components of the calling songs of both species of cicada. Interestingly, although flies could be attracted to T. pruinosa broadcasts throughout the day, hourly censuses of singing males revealed that calling occurred exclusively at dusk. Furthermore, the duration of the dusk chorus in T. pruinosa was significantly shorter than the midday chorus of the less attractive song of T. chloromera. We propose that the tight temporal aggregation of the dusk chorus time could function to reduce risk from attracted parasitoids.

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Review of Biogeography, Host Range and Evolution of Acoustic Hunting in Ormiini (Insecta, Diptera, Tachinidae), Parasitoids of Night-calling Bushcrickets and Crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera, Ensifera)

Cited by 68 publications

References 91 publications

Silent night: adaptive disappearance of a sexual signal in a parasitized population of field crickets

Silent night: adaptive disappearance of a sexual signal in a parasitized population of field crickets

Rapid evolutionary change in a sexual signal: genetic control of the mutation ‘flatwing’ that renders male field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) mute

Auditory Sensitivity of an Acoustic Parasitoid (<i>Emblemasoma</i> sp., Sarcophagidae, Diptera) and the Calling Behavior of Potential Hosts

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