Review of Bipolar Plate in Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Structures, and Manufacturing

Duan, Z.N.; Qu, Zhiguo; Ren, Qinlong; Zhang, Jianfei

doi:10.1007/s41918-021-00108-4

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…A substantial acceleration in the degradation process was observed after four days of dipping, and this accelerating degradation of the composite material is not a good tendency. The cause of cracking may be owing to the oxidization on the surface of the BP [ 3 ]. The oxygen-containing functional groups of the highly conductive graphite sheet may enhance the surface hydrophilicity and facilitate the intercalation of electrolytes into the microcracks and open pores inside the composite BP [ 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface roughness was tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM, Nanowizard3 Ultra, JPK BioAFM, Berlin, Germany). Optical microscopy (HRM-300, HUVITZ, Gyeongju, Korea) was used to study surface roughness, after dipping in vanadium (V) for 7 days at room temperature, for testing acid stability [ 3 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bipolar plates are an important part of a vanadium redox flow battery, since they provide numerous purposes, while also adding to the cost. A flow field is, commonly, embossed on bipolar plates, which necessitates sophisticated machining [ 1 , 2 ] and delivers electrolytes to the electrode [ 3 ]. The flow field design has a direct impact on cell performance, through electrolyte velocity, pressure drop, and electrolyte penetration [ 3 , 4 ], hence, it is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A flow field is, commonly, embossed on bipolar plates, which necessitates sophisticated machining [ 1 , 2 ] and delivers electrolytes to the electrode [ 3 ]. The flow field design has a direct impact on cell performance, through electrolyte velocity, pressure drop, and electrolyte penetration [ 3 , 4 ], hence, it is critical. A pressure drop in cells influences the energy efficiency of flow batteries [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], while electrolyte distribution uniformity affects concentration loss [ 6 , 8 ] and voltage efficiency [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since they can be manufactured cheaply, including the insertion of complicated flow channels during molding, polymer composites are a viable material for producing bipolar plates [ 13 ]. Polymer composites, which have all of the requisite qualities to operate as bipolar plates, must be created without sacrificing other polymer properties such as flexibility, ease of manufacturing, and lightness of weight, while having good mechanical capabilities and chemical stability [ 3 , 10 , 14 ]. The main barrier for polymer composite bipolar plates is obtaining sufficiently high electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Bipolar Plates from Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

2022

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A vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising large-scale energy storage device, due to its safety, durability, and scalability. The utilization of bipolar plates (BPs), made of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), synthetic graphite, woven-carbon-fiber fabric (WCFF), and a very thin pyrolytic graphite sheet (GS), is investigated in this study. To boost volumetric electrical conductivity, WCFF was introduced into the TPV composite, and the plate was covered with GS to increase surface electrical conductivity. Created composite BPs acquire the desired electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and deformation characteristics. Those properties were assessed by a series of characterization experiments, and the morphology was examined using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy. Electrochemical testing was used to confirm the possibility of using the suggested BP in a working VRFB. The laminated BP was utilized in a flow cell to electrolytically convert V(IV) to V(V) and V(II), which achieved comparable results to a commercial graphite bipolar plate. Following these experiments, the laminated bipolar plates’ surfaces were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and no evidence of corrosion was found, indicating good durability in the hostile acidic environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Bipolar Plates from Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

2022

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A New Method for Creating Structured High‐Performance Current Collectors for Electrochemical Applications

Krall,

Rivera,

Wood

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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A significant challenge in many electrochemical systems is finding a stable, high‐performing current collector material that is mechanically robust, adaptable in form factor, and free of precious metals. Titanium electrodes are robust in many of these regards but exhibit poor charge transfer performance due to self‐passivation. Herein, a new materials processing paradigm based on the titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) system which allows for robust, stable, and low‐resistance current collectors of arbitrary form factor is presented. Specifically, a gas‐nitriding process for 3D‐printed titanium electrodes that results in a 20‐fold improvement of charge transfer characteristics relative to the untreated material is outlined. The ability to utilize 3D‐structured current collectors with a net 40‐fold improvement in performance over nonstructured electrodes is further demonstrated. This novel approach to creating electrochemical current collectors requires minimal laboratory resources and can be widely adapted for a variety of applications, including desalination, electrolysis, energy storage, and basic research. The work described herein provides both a means for accelerating research and opens the door to hierarchical tuneability for enhanced performance.

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Carbon Xerogel as a Novel Minor Conductive Filler for Carbon‐Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates

Sharma,

Bilican,

Schmidt

et al. 2024

Batteries & Supercaps

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The current research explores the potential of carbon xerogel as a conductive filler in bipolar plates. The composites comprise graphite as the primary conductive filler and polypropylene as the binder. Carbon xerogel is introduced as a minor conductive filler, and its performance is compared with commercial carbon black. Both nanocarbons exhibit resemblances in microstructure, texture, and surface carbon chemistry. Through‐plane conductivity measurements reveal enhanced electrical conductivity upon replacing a fraction of graphite with either nanofiller. Cross‐sectional analyses of the plates employing computed tomography based on X‐ray diffraction and phase contrasts indicate that the observed electrical conductivity difference stems from reduced trapped air during production and the distribution of the minor filler particles. Given the similarities between carbon xerogel and the reference nanofiller, this study introduces the innovative concept of employing carbon xerogel as a filler for conductive bipolar plates.

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Review of Bipolar Plate in Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Structures, and Manufacturing

Cited by 24 publications

References 173 publications

Fabrication of Bipolar Plates from Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Fabrication of Bipolar Plates from Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

A New Method for Creating Structured High‐Performance Current Collectors for Electrochemical Applications

Carbon Xerogel as a Novel Minor Conductive Filler for Carbon‐Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates

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