Review of blockchain-based distributed energy: Implications for institutional development

Traditionally, the energy industry has been slow in adopting new disruptive technologies and the transition to a new energy market will require a new digital transformation plan, involving all parties from the energy market. Although it now seems to be an impossible and hard-to-accept scenario, especially by the big players in the industry, the pilot projects so far demonstrate that blockchain can play a major role in the future energy market, even if the technology is still in the first stages of the adoption life cycle. This article attempts to describe a solution to provide alternative irrigation systems for small farmers. The solution involves creating associations of small farmers that will use green energy from photovoltaic panels for the irrigation of agricultural lands. The efficiency of the proposed system can be monitored not only through digital hardware connected to photovoltaic panels and water pumps, but also by using the new blockchain technology that stimulates innovation and growth in the energy and a high level of automation though smart contracts. To accelerate the transition to the green energy economy, a SolarCoin version similar to the Bitcoin cryptocurrency has also been proposed, which is a utility token that creates new possibilities for energy and water trading.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1540 2 of 30 photovoltaic panels can still be used at high capacity to supplement the energy required to run the farm [4,12,13].Photovoltaic systems are ideal in isolated areas that do not have access to the national energy system. Below, the most important advantages of applying the photovoltaic systems in agriculture have been listed [14-16]:

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“…SolarCoin represents an alternative digital coin that uses a Proof-of-Stake blockchain to stimulate solar electricity production [49][50][51].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Advanced Methods For Energy Transactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems

et al. 2020

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“…The increasing number of peer-to-peer interactions as well as inclusion of various energy markets suggest that blockchain technology can be a solution to control the energy and economic transactions and smart contracts [148]. However, in peer-to-peer microgrids, realization and readiness of blockchain technology should incorporate several aspects such as (1) Technological, (2) Economic, (3) Social, (4) Environmental and (5) Institutional dimensions [149].…”

Section: District Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Buildings: A Review

Fallahi

Henze

2019

Sustainability

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Buildings are widely regarded as potential sources for demand flexibility. The flexibility of thermal and electric load in buildings is a result of their interactive nature and its impact on the building’s performance. In this paper, the interaction of a building with the three interaction counterparts of the physical environment, civil infrastructure networks and other buildings is investigated. The literature review presents a wide variety of pathways of interaction and their associated potential impacts on building performance metrics such as net energy use, emissions, occupant comfort and operational cost. It is demonstrated that all of these counterparts of interaction should be considered to harness the flexibility potential of the buildings while maintaining other buildings performance metrics at a desired level. Juxtaposed with the upside potential for providing demand flexibility, numerous implementation challenges are identified that are associated with the evaluation and financial valuation of the capacity for demand flexibility, the aggregated flexibility potential, as well as the control and communication to facilitate the interactions.

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“…Unlike conventional systems, resilience-oriented ones follow diverse, distributed, and decentralized governance and operation structures, wherein engagement and cooperation of different stakeholders are encouraged and where new coalitions emerge [24]. For example, resilience-oriented energy systems may take advantage of digital technologies to encourage citizens to participate in the generation, management, and blockchain-enabled distributed energy trading (instead of just being passive end-users) [34,38]. This facilitates a competitive environment and provides opportunities for stakeholder engagement [33,35].…”

Section: Conventional and Resilience-oriented Energy Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addressing the calls for carbon reduction through renewable energy while strengthening energy resilience to disasters and disruptions in the post-Fukushima era, a demonstration of a blockchain-based distributed energy system equipped with the digital grid router (DGR) and power interchange settlement was initiated in 2017 at Urawa-Misono district in Saitama City (population of district, 7476, as of February 2019) [75]. The digital grid can accommodate high penetrations of renewable energy and prevent cascading power outages through peer-to-peer trading of electricity [38]. This project is led by Digital Grid Corporation in collaboration with the University of Tokyo, Tateyama Kagaku group, Kansai Electric Co., Ltd., TEPCO Holdings, Hitachi IE system, NTT Data, Tessera Technology, and US-Design, with financial support provided by the Ministry of the Environment through the Low Carbon Technology Research, Development and Demonstration Program [75].…”

Section: Urawa-misono Districtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Transitions Towards Low Carbon Resilience: Evaluation of Disaster-Triggered Local and Regional Cases

Barrett

Copping

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Following numerous global scientific studies and major international agreements, the decarbonization of energy systems is an apparent and pressing concern. The consequence of continued emission growth tied to rising global average temperatures is difficult to predict, but against a background of other natural and human-induced disasters, may create a situation, from a positive perspective, where each disaster event triggers "build back better" responses designed to speed the transition toward low carbon, resilience-oriented energy systems. This article examines the potential for disaster-triggered responses in communities, at various local and regional levels, in four industrial economies in the Asia Pacific region: Japan, China, Australia, and the USA. Seven case studies were evaluated against a set of criteria that exemplify the key aspects of resilient energy systems. The research results suggest that a new space of innovation does emerge in post-disaster situations at a range of local and regional scales. The greatest potential benefit and opportunity for significant gains, however, appears to manifest at the small community level, and the ultimate challenge relates to how to mainstream local innovations into state and national level transformation on energy systems so as to enhance resilience and promote rapid decarbonization.

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Review of blockchain-based distributed energy: Implications for institutional development

Cited by 259 publications

References 38 publications

Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems

Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems

Interactive Buildings: A Review

Energy Transitions Towards Low Carbon Resilience: Evaluation of Disaster-Triggered Local and Regional Cases

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