Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions. II - Mars entries

Park, Chul; Howe, John T.; Jaffe, Richard L.; Candler, Graham V.

doi:10.2514/3.496

Cited by 705 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…15) and varies up to 1.5 times for different models; its minima and maxima are shifted towards the shock front for the models. 69,70 Concluding these results we can recommend the use of the Scanlon model 70 for reaction #1 at high temperatures, providing a more reliable behavior of the fluid dynamic variables and energy fluxes.…”

Section: B Transport Properties and Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport coefficients and heat fluxes in non-equilibrium high-temperature flows with electronic excitation

Истомин

Кустова

2017

Physics of Plasmas

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The influence of electronic excitation on transport processes in non-equilibrium high-temperature ionized mixture flows is studied. Two five-component mixtures, N 2 =N þ 2 =N=N þ =e À and O 2 =O þ 2 =O=O þ =e À , are considered taking into account the electronic degrees of freedom for atomic species as well as the rotational-vibrational-electronic degrees of freedom for molecular species, both neutral and ionized. Using the modified Chapman-Enskog method, the transport coefficients (thermal conductivity, shear viscosity and bulk viscosity, diffusion and thermal diffusion) are calculated in the temperature range 500-50 000 K. Thermal conductivity and bulk viscosity coefficients are strongly affected by electronic states, especially for neutral atomic species. Shear viscosity, diffusion, and thermal diffusion coefficients are not sensible to electronic excitation if the size of excited states is assumed to be constant. The limits of applicability for the Stokes relation are discussed; at high temperatures, this relation is violated not only for molecular species but also for electronically excited atomic gases. Two test cases of strongly non-equilibrium flows behind plane shock waves corresponding to the spacecraft re-entry (Hermes and Fire II) are simulated numerically. Fluid-dynamic variables and heat fluxes are evaluated in gases with electronic excitation. In inviscid flows without chemical-radiative coupling, the flow-field is weakly affected by electronic states; however, in viscous flows, their influence can be more important, in particular, on the convective heat flux. The contribution of different dissipative processes to the heat transfer is evaluated as well as the effect of reaction rate coefficients. The competition of diffusion and heat conduction processes reduces the overall effect of electronic excitation on the convective heating, especially for the Fire II test case. It is shown that reliable models of chemical reaction rates are of great importance for accurate predictions of the fluid dynamic variables and heat fluxes. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Section: B Transport Properties and Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the model 64 may be not applicable under such high-temperature conditions. For this reason, we assess three different data sets for reaction #1: the McKenzie model 64 and the models of Park 69 and Scanlon. 70 A comparison of the rate coefficients k 1 ðTÞ for nitrogen (see Fig.…”

Section: B Transport Properties and Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport coefficients and heat fluxes in non-equilibrium high-temperature flows with electronic excitation

Истомин

Кустова

2017

Physics of Plasmas

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“…The §ow has been modeled as a reacting gas mixture of 9 species (Ar, CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , CO, NO, N, O, and C). Reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics taken into account in the present work are from [6,13].…”

Section: Reentrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the di¨usion coe©cient of the ith species in the mixture, the multicomponent di¨usion coe©cient is applied, where species mass di¨usivity is evaluated by Kinetic Theory [5]. Flow¦eld chemical reactions proceed with forward rates that are expressed in the Arrhenius form and reaction rate parameters are due to Park et al [13].…”

Section: Design Analysis Based On Computational Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium computational flowfield analysis for the design of mars manned entry vehicles

Viviani

Pezzella

2013

Progress in Flight Physics

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This paper deals with the aerodynamic exploration analysis of innovative unusual vehicle concepts, suitable for a manned Mars entry, aiming to support design studies of planetary entry systems. In this framework, two lifting body (LB) con¦gurations have been analyzed so far. Several fully three-dimensional (3D) computational §uid dynamics (CFD) analyses, both for a perfect gas model and for a nonequilibrium reacting gas mixture model, have been performed. The §ow¦eld environment past the exploration vehicle for an assigned Mars entry scenario has been addressed. To this end, a wide range of §ow conditions, including di¨erent angles of attack (AoA), various Mach numbers, and Reynolds numbers, have been investigated. Results reported in the paper are useful for providing numerical data for further understanding the §uid dynamics processes, as those of high enthalpy §ow and vehicle shape e¨ects, involved in the design analysis of LB vehicles for the exploration of Mars.

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“…Simulation of thermochemical interaction between high-enthalpy §ows of air and other gases and heat-protective materials (HPM) in high-enthalpy WTs for §ight conditions of bodies with hypersonic speeds in atmosphere of the Earth, Mars, and other planets is among key problems of air thermodynamics [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A blunted cone in a supersonic high-enthalpy nonequilibrium air flow

Сахаров

Shtapov

Vasilevskiy

et al. 2015

Progress in Flight Physics – Volume 7

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A calculation and experimental study was conducted with the §ow, heat §ux, and pressure distributions over the front and side surfaces of a blunt cone in a nonequilibrium high-enthalpy (h 0 = 25 MJ/kg) supersonic (M = 4) air §ow. The experiments were performed in a VAT-104 wind tunnel (WT), TsAGI. The nose part of the model with a small-radius nose R w = 10 mm and half angle θ = 10 • was inside the ¤Mach cone¥ of the underexpanded jet §owing out from the WT nozzle. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement.

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Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions. II - Mars entries

Cited by 705 publications

References 34 publications

Transport coefficients and heat fluxes in non-equilibrium high-temperature flows with electronic excitation

Transport coefficients and heat fluxes in non-equilibrium high-temperature flows with electronic excitation

Nonequilibrium computational flowfield analysis for the design of mars manned entry vehicles

A blunted cone in a supersonic high-enthalpy nonequilibrium air flow

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