Review of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics for Coccidioidomycosis

Mchardy, Ian Howard; Barker, Bridget M.; Thompson, George R.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01581-22

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Most of the coccidioidomycosis cases are diagnosed using Ab detection assays, based on complement fixation (CF), gel precipitation tests (CIE and ID), and EIA. The main limitation of these assays is the need for highly trained laboratorians, special laboratory instruments, and prolonged turnaround time for results [19]. LFA technology has significantly improved this limitation; these assays are simple, accurate, and rapid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Anti-Coccidioides Antibodies in Human Sera—Argentina

Viale,

Caceres,

Mansilla

et al. 2024

JoF

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Coccidiomycosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection endemic to certain regions of Argentina. The infection is caused by Coccidioides spp. and is primarily diagnosed by Coccidioides antibody (Ab) detection. Access to rapid, highly accurate diagnostic testing is critical to ensure prompt antifungal therapy. The sōna Coccidioides Ab Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) performs faster and requires less laboratory infrastructure and equipment compared with other Ab detection assays, potentially providing a substantial improvement for rapid case screening in coccidioidomycosis-endemic regions; however, validation of this test is needed. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the sōna Coccidioides Ab (LFA) and compare agreement with anti-Coccidioides Ab detection assays. A total of 103 human sera specimens were tested, including 25 specimens from patients with coccidioidomycosis and 78 from patients without coccidioidomycosis. The sōna Coccidioides Ab Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) was performed with a sensitivity of 88%, and specificity and accuracy of 87%. Furthermore, the Coccidioides Ab LFA had good agreement with other anti-Coccidioides Ab detection assays. Our findings suggest the sōna Coccidioides Ab LFA has satisfactory performance and may be useful for diagnosing coccidioidomycosis in endemic regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Anti-Coccidioides Antibodies in Human Sera—Argentina

Viale,

Caceres,

Mansilla

et al. 2024

JoF

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“…A study by Irinyl et al showed the utility of MinION-based NGS for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii directly from respiratory (sputum and BAL) samples [ 81 ]. NGS also helps in differentiating fungal species; for example, Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii can be differentiated, which otherwise are difficult to identify with available conventional techniques [ 82 ].…”

Section: Other Emerging Modalities Of Nucleic-acid-based Molecular Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic-Acid-Based Molecular Fungal Diagnostics: A Way to a Better Future

Gudisa,

Harchand,

Rudramurthy

2024

Diagnostics

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The world has seen a tremendous increase in the number of fungal infections during the past two decades. Recently, the World Health Organisation released the pathogen priority list for fungal infections, signifying the importance of these infections in the fields of research and public health. Microbiology laboratories demand an upgrade in the diagnostic system to keep up with the increased burden of these infections. Diagnosis of fungal infections using conventional techniques has always faced limitations in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and turnaround time. Although these methods are the core pillars of the diagnosis, there is an increased need for molecular approaches. Molecular techniques have revolutionised the field of fungal diagnostics. The diverse array of molecular techniques, including techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), have emerged as a cornerstone in fungal diagnostics. Molecular techniques have transformed fungal diagnostics, providing powerful tools for the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens. As these technologies continue to evolve, their integration into routine clinical practice holds the promise of improving patient outcomes through timely and targeted antifungal interventions. This review will cover the molecular approaches involved in fungal diagnostics, moving from the basic techniques to the advanced-level nucleic-acid-based molecular approaches providing a high throughput and decreased turnaround time for the diagnosis of serious fungal infections.

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“…Diagnostics for coccidioidomycosis have recently been thoroughly reviewed in [71]. Culture or isolation of Coccidioides spp.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidioidomycosis Osteoarticular Dissemination

Moni,

Wise,

Loots

et al. 2023

JoF

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Valley fever or coccidioidomycosis is a pulmonary infection caused by species of Coccidioides fungi that are endemic to California and Arizona. Skeletal coccidioidomycosis accounts for about half of disseminated infections, with the vertebral spine being the preferred site of dissemination. Most cases of skeletal coccidioidomycosis progress to bone destruction or spread to adjacent structures such as joints, tendons, and other soft tissues, causing significant pain and restricting mobility. Manifestations of such cases are usually nonspecific, making diagnosis very challenging, especially in non-endemic areas. The lack of basic knowledge and research data on the mechanisms defining susceptibility to extrapulmonary infection, especially when it involves bones and joints, prompted us to survey available clinical and animal data to establish specific research questions that remain to be investigated. In this review, we explore published literature reviews, case reports, and case series on the dissemination of coccidioidomycosis to bones and/or joints. We highlight key differential features with other conditions and opportunities for mechanistic and basic research studies that can help develop novel diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment strategies.

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Review of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics for Coccidioidomycosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Anti-Coccidioides Antibodies in Human Sera—Argentina

Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Anti-Coccidioides Antibodies in Human Sera—Argentina

Nucleic-Acid-Based Molecular Fungal Diagnostics: A Way to a Better Future

Coccidioidomycosis Osteoarticular Dissemination

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