Review of collapse triggering mechanism of collapsible soils due to wetting

Ping, Li; Vanapalli, Sai K.; Li, Tonglu

doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.12.002

Cited by 277 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Thus, the structural change and collapsible subsidence of the surface are not completely stable. In addition, the dynamic compaction method used in the consolidation of the foundation in filling area could only weaken the collapsibility and enhance the intensity of filling loess to a certain extent [54]. It cannot completely change the physical characteristics of the collapsible loess, which led the loess foundation to not be fully tamped and more prone to ground subsidence.…”

Section: Human Activities Contributing To the Land Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, when loess is dry, compression deformation under an external load includes a large part of loess deformation. On the other hand, when loess is wet, the loess layer is prone to collapsible deformation under self-weight, and the degree of deformation gradually declines over a relatively long period [54]. Furthermore, large amounts of buildings add great external load to the surface and accelerate the deformation process significantly [13].…”

Section: Rapid Urban Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A related study has shown that the loess layer can result in a collapsible deformation when encountering external water, which might cause building instability and ground subsidence [54]. From the field research on humidification, consolidation and compression of loess in Yan'an, the strong collapsibility of loess is the basis of local widespread land deformation.…”

Section: Natural Factors Contributing To the Land Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

SBAS-InSAR Based Deformation Detection of Urban Land, Created from Mega-Scale Mountain Excavating and Valley Filling in the Loess Plateau: The Case Study of Yan’an City

Jia

Chen

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Yan'an new district (YND) is one of the largest civil engineering projects for land creation in Loess Plateau, of which the amount of earthwork exceeds 600 million m 3 , to create 78.5 km 2 of flat land. Such mega-scale engineering activities and complex geological characteristics have induced wide land deformation in the region. Small baseline subset synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method and 55 Sentinel-1A (S-1A) images were utilized in the present work to investigate the urban surface deformation in the Yan'an urban area and Yan'an new airport (YNA) from 2015 to 2019. The results were validated by the ground leveling measurements in the YNA. It is found that significant uneven surface deformation existed in both YND and YNA areas with maximum accumulative subsidence of 300 and 217 mm, respectively. Moreover, the average subsidence rate of the YND and YNA areas ranged from −70 to 30 mm/year and −50 to 25 mm/year, respectively. The present work shows that the land deformation suffered two periods (from 2015 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2019) and expanded from urban center to surrounding resettlement area, which are highly relevant with urban earthwork process. It is found that more than 60% of land subsidence occurs at filled areas, while more than 65% of surface uplifting occurs at excavation areas. The present work shows that the subsidence originates from the earth filling and the load of urban buildings, while the release of stress is the major factor for the land uplift. Moreover, it is found that the collapsibility of loess and concentrated precipitation deteriorates the degree of local land subsidence. The deformation discovered by this paper shows that the city may suffer a long period of subsidence, and huge challenges may exist in the period of urban maintaining buildings and infrastructure facilities.The widely applied methods for monitoring urban surface deformation are leveling measurement and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement [17]. These methods can achieve high precision at single points in the monitoring of local land subsidence with low spatial resolution and high cost [18]. On the other hand, synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has significant advantages over other methods, including fast surface deformation with large monitoring range, operability in all climatic conditions, low operational cost and high spatial resolution [19]. The first application of the InSAR was the monitoring of an earthquake in Landers, California [20], but the temporal resolution was relatively low because of the absence of analyzing on time series images. To overcome this limitation, multi-temporal InSAR was introduced for long-term and large-scale monitoring of surface deformation [21,22]. More specifically, a permanent scatterers InSAR (PS-InSAR) method proposed by Ferretti et al. and a small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) method introduced by Berardino et al. have been widely used in related fields with millimetric accuracy [23][24][25]. Zhang and Zhou analyzed W...

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Section: Human Activities Contributing To the Land Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rapid Urban Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Factors Contributing To the Land Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SBAS-InSAR Based Deformation Detection of Urban Land, Created from Mega-Scale Mountain Excavating and Valley Filling in the Loess Plateau: The Case Study of Yan’an City

Jia

Chen

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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“…Loess is one of the wind deposited soils, which is widely distributed and constitute about 10% of the total land area of the world [1][2][3]. China has a large area of loess soil deposits in the world (about 6.3×105…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Compaction Effect Factors of Lime-treated Loess Highway Embankments

Zhang

Wang

2017

CivileJournal

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This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of water content, lime content and compaction energy on the compaction characteristics of lime-treated loess highway embankments. Laboratory compaction tests were conducted to determine the maximum dry density and optimum water content of loess with different lime Contents (0, 3, 5 and 8%), and to examine the effects of water content, lime content and compaction energy on the value of and . In situ compaction tests were performed to obtain the in situ dry density . The value of − achieves it's maximum value when in situ water content − was larger than the value of (+1-2%). The degree of compaction can hardly be achieved to 100% in the field construction of embankments. Higher water content and compaction energy is needed for optimum compaction.

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“…In engineering characteristics, collapsible loess belongs to a metastable structure which can withstand high vertical loads with a small amount of settlement at dry, but this soil is particularly susceptible to certain water conditions, which shows an upsurge in settlement and a plunge in load capacity upon wetting [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Collapsible loess is characterized by temporal discontinuity and spatial nonuniformity of collapsibility upon wetting, which contributes to a safety hazard for infrastructures constructed in this region [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The reason for that is the discontinuous and nonuniform variation of water content of loess soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Experiment on Soaking Characteristics of Collapsible Loess

Wang

Xie

Qiu

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In collapsible loess area, migration of soil moisture often causes the temporal discontinuity and spatial nonuniformity of collapsibility, which leads to great damage for infrastructures. Therefore, the research on water infiltration is the key to solving the problem of collapsibility. The aim of this paper is to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of infiltration characteristics of collapsible loess. A field soaking experiment was conducted on collapsible loess in western China, in which a soaking pool with diameter of 15 m was built. Time-Domain-Reflectometry (TDR) system and soil sampling were employed to measure the water content within the depth of 12 m. Then the saturation isograms were drawn for visualization of the process of infiltration. Also, a pilot tunnel was excavated to investigate how the free face can affect the infiltration behaviors. The experimental results revealed the characteristics of infiltration in both horizontal and vertical directions. Moreover, the response of free face on infiltration behaviors was also found. These findings of research could provide the data for the infiltration laws of unsaturated loess and thereby provide the basis for integrated treatment of collapsible loess.

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Review of collapse triggering mechanism of collapsible soils due to wetting

Cited by 277 publications

References 75 publications

SBAS-InSAR Based Deformation Detection of Urban Land, Created from Mega-Scale Mountain Excavating and Valley Filling in the Loess Plateau: The Case Study of Yan’an City

SBAS-InSAR Based Deformation Detection of Urban Land, Created from Mega-Scale Mountain Excavating and Valley Filling in the Loess Plateau: The Case Study of Yan’an City

Study on the Compaction Effect Factors of Lime-treated Loess Highway Embankments

Field Experiment on Soaking Characteristics of Collapsible Loess

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