Review of computational fluid dynamics for wind turbine wake aerodynamics

Sanderse, Benjamin; Pijl, van der Sander; Koren, Barry

doi:10.1002/we.458

Cited by 517 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…The evening transition presents a scientific challenge for wind-energy forecasting, since the flow becomes increasingly stratified during the evening transition, making the forecasting of wind-power production a challenge (Sanderse et al 2011). While summer nocturnal lowlevel jets increase boundary-layer wind speeds (Vanderwende et al 2015;Bonin et al 2015), providing ample wind resources during the summer in the Great Plains, the power deficit, the reduction in power production of downwind turbines located within the wakes, increases with atmospheric stability (Hansen et al 2012).…”

Section: The Evening Boundary Layer and Turbine Wakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Lee

Lundquist

2017

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Wind-turbine-wake evolution during the evening transition introduces variability to wind-farm power production at a time of day typically characterized by high electricity demand. During the evening transition, the atmosphere evolves from an unstable to a stable regime, and vertical stratification of the wind profile develops as the residual planetary boundary layer decouples from the surface layer. The evolution of wind-turbine wakes during the evening transition is examined from two perspectives: wake observations from single turbines, and simulations of multiple turbine wakes using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Throughout the evening transition, the wake's wind-speed deficit and turbulence enhancement are confined within the rotor layer when the atmospheric stability changes from unstable to stable. The height variations of maximum upwind-downwind differences of wind speed and turbulence intensity gradually decrease during the evening transition. After verifying the WRF-model-simulated upwind wind speed, wind direction and turbulent kinetic energy profiles with observations, the wind-farm-scale wake evolution during the evening transition is investigated using the WRF-model wind-farm parametrization scheme. As the evening progresses, due to the presence of the wind farm, the modelled hub-height wind-speed deficit monotonically increases, the relative turbulence enhancement at hub height grows by 50%, and the downwind surface sensible heat flux increases, reducing surface cooling. Overall, the intensifying wakes from upwind turbines respond to the evolving atmospheric boundary layer during the evening transition, and undermine the power production of downwind turbines in the evening.

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Section: The Evening Boundary Layer and Turbine Wakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Lee

Lundquist

2017

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…However, the effects of thrust coefficients and ambient turbulence have not been investigated systematically. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has also been widely used to study wind turbine wake flows and power production optimization in a wind farm [10]. Jiménez et al [11] used large-eddy simulation (LES) to characterize the wake deflections under a range of yaw angles and thrust coefficients for a turbine modeled with a uniformly distributed actuator disk model without rotation (ADM-NR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Analytical Wake Model for Yawed Wind Turbines

2018

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Abstract:A new analytical wake model for wind turbines, considering ambient turbulence intensity, thrust coefficient and yaw angle effects, is proposed from numerical and analytical studies. First, eight simulations by the Reynolds Stress Model are conducted for different thrust coefficients, yaw angles and ambient turbulence intensities. The wake deflection, mean velocity and turbulence intensity in the wakes are systematically investigated. A new wake deflection model is then proposed to analytically predict the wake center trajectory in the yawed condition. Finally, the effects of yaw angle are incorporated in the Gaussian-based wake model. The wake deflection, velocity deficit and added turbulence intensity in the wake predicted by the proposed model show good agreement with the numerical results. The model parameters are determined as the function of ambient turbulence intensity and thrust coefficient, which enables the model to have good applicability under various conditions.

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“…For reviews, refer to Vermeer et al (2003) and, for example, Sanderse (2009), Chamorro and Porté-Agel (2010), Lu and Porté-Agel (2011), Adaramola and Krogstad (2011) and Sanderse et al (2011). For field data, data have to be filtered for the naturally arising levels of stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As regards prediction of wakes, the effects of stratification have yet to be included. See, for example, the recent review of Sanderse et al (2011), and other papers from the Euromech (2012) meeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-Tunnel Simulation of the Wake of a Large Wind Turbine in a Stable Boundary Layer. Part 1: The Boundary-Layer Simulation

Hancock

Pascheke

2013

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Abstract:Measurements have been made in both a neutral and a stable boundary layer as part of an investigation of the wakes of wind turbines in an offshore environment, in the EnFlo stratified flow wind tunnel. The working section is long enough for the flow to have become very nearly invariant with streamwise distance. In order to be systematic, the flow profile generators of Irwintype spires and surface roughness were the same for both neutral and stable conditions. Achieving the required profiles by adjusting the flow generators, even for neutral flow, is a highly iterative art, and the present results indicate that it will be no less iterative for a stable flow (as well as there being more conditions to meet), so this was not attempted in the present investigation. The stablecase flow conformed in most respects to Monin-Obukhov similarity in the surface layer. A linear temperature profile was applied at the working section inlet, resulting in a near-linear profile in the developed flow above the boundary layer and 'strong' imposed stability, while the condition at the surface was 'weak'. Aerodynamic roughness length (mean velocity) was not affected by stability even though the roughness Reynolds number < 1, while the thermal roughness length was much smaller, as is to be expected. The neutral case was Reynolds-number independent, and by inference, the stable case was also Reynolds-number independent.

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Review of computational fluid dynamics for wind turbine wake aerodynamics

Cited by 517 publications

References 98 publications

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

A New Analytical Wake Model for Yawed Wind Turbines

Wind-Tunnel Simulation of the Wake of a Large Wind Turbine in a Stable Boundary Layer. Part 1: The Boundary-Layer Simulation

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