Review of corrosion monitoring and prognostics in offshore wind turbine structures: Current status and feasible approaches

Brijder, Robert; Hagen, Catalina H. M.; Cortés, A.; Irizar, A.; Thibbotuwa, Upeksha Chathurani; Helsen, Stijn; Vásquez, Sandra; Ompusunggu, Agusmian Partogi

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.991343

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Due to harsh conditions, such as high salt and high humidity in the marine environment, OWT foundations are prone to corrosion, which is one of the main reasons for foundation damage. Recently, many corrosion detection techniques have been applied to OWT foundation monitoring, such as corrosion coupons, electrochemical sensors, magnetic sensors, acoustic sensors, thermal cameras, radio frequency identification sensors, radiography, and visual inspection [57]. The monitoring of cracks in the foundation is equally important to that of crack monitoring in the tower.…”

Section: Corrosion and Cracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Structural Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures

Yang,

Liang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

JMSE

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The service environment of offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures is harsh, and it is extremely difficult to replace these structures during their operational lifespan, making their failure a catastrophic event. The structural health monitoring (SHM) of OWT support structures is a crucial aspect of operational maintenance for OWT support structures, aiming to mitigate significant financial losses. This paper systematically summarizes the current monitoring methods and technologies for OWT support structures, including towers and foundations. Through the review of monitoring content and the evolution of monitoring techniques for supporting structures, it delves deeper into the challenges faced by wind turbine monitoring and highlights potential avenues for future development. Then, the current damage identification techniques for OWT towers and foundations are analyzed, exploring various methods including model-based, vibration-based, artificial intelligence and hybrid fault diagnosis methods. The article also examines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and outlines potential future directions for research and development in this field. Furthermore, it delves into the current damage identification techniques for OWT towers and foundations, discussing prevalent challenges and future directions in this domain. This status review can provide reference and guidance for the monitoring design of OWT support structures, and provide support for the fault diagnosis of OWT support structures.

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Section: Corrosion and Cracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Structural Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures

Yang,

Liang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

JMSE

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“…For example, depending on the ship type, limits exist for the significant wave height H s , at which crew transfer vessels (CTVs) are allowed to transfer personnel to the turbines (e.g., 1 m for Monohull or 1.2 m for Catamaran). Environmental information is furthermore required in the context of predictive maintenance, which is of relevance in the context of corrosion [30] or structural health [31]. For the monitoring of the aging process, dedicated measurements of the structure response to wind, waves, or currents are of interest, e.g., obtained from strain sensors or accelerometers [32].…”

Section: Owf Inspection and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-II: Gap Analysis and Recommendations

Schulz-Stellenfleth,

Blauw,

Laakso

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Offshore wind energy installations in coastal areas have grown massively over the last decade. This development comes with a large number of technological, environmental, economic, and scientific challenges, which need to be addressed to make the use of offshore wind energy sustainable. One important component in these optimization activities is suitable information from observations and numerical models. The purpose of this study is to analyze the gaps that exist in the present monitoring systems and their respective integration with models. This paper is the second part of two manuscripts and uses results from the first part about the requirements for different application fields. The present solutions to provide measurements for the required information products are described for several European countries with growing offshore wind operations. The gaps are then identified and discussed in different contexts, like technology evolution, trans-European monitoring and modeling initiatives, legal aspects, and cooperation between industry and science. The monitoring gaps are further quantified in terms of missing observed quantities, spatial coverage, accuracy, and continuity. Strategies to fill the gaps are discussed, and respective recommendations are provided. The study shows that there are significant information deficiencies that need to be addressed to ensure the economical and environmentally friendly growth of the offshore wind farm sector. It was also found that many of these gaps are related to insufficient information about connectivities, e.g., concerning the interactions of wind farms from different countries or the coupling between physical and biological processes.

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“…GFRP's lightweight yet strong nature is pivotal in ensuring the blades' efficient rotation and optimizing energy production [2]. Furthermore, its resistance to corrosion is vital for withstanding harsh outdoor conditions where wind turbines are typically situated [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Epoxy Composite Performance with Carbon Nanofillers: A Solution for Moisture Resistance and Extended Durability in Wind Turbine Blade Structures

Ntaflos,

Foteinidis,

Liangou

et al. 2024

Materials

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The increasing prominence of glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) in the wind energy industry, due to their exceptional combination of strength, low weight, and resistance to corrosion, makes them an ideal candidate for enhancing the performance and durability of wind turbine blades. The unique properties of GFRPs not only contribute to reduced energy costs through improved aerodynamic efficiency but also extend the operational lifespan of wind turbines. By modifying the epoxy resin with carbon nanofillers, an even higher degree of performance can be achieved. In this work, graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-enhanced GFRPs are produced through industrial methods (filament winding) and coupons are extracted and tested for their mechanical performance after harsh environmental aging in high temperature and moisture. GNPs enhance the in-plane shear strength of GFRP by 200%, while reducing their water uptake by as much as 40%.

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Review of corrosion monitoring and prognostics in offshore wind turbine structures: Current status and feasible approaches

Cited by 16 publications

References 93 publications

An Overview on Structural Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures

An Overview on Structural Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-II: Gap Analysis and Recommendations

Enhancing Epoxy Composite Performance with Carbon Nanofillers: A Solution for Moisture Resistance and Extended Durability in Wind Turbine Blade Structures

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