Review of current regulations, available technologies, and future trends in the green shipping industry

Tadros, Mina; Ventura, Manuel; Soares, C. Guedes

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114670

Cited by 56 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 333 publications

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“…Case studies also accounted for 48% of papers analysed, and 4% of the papers seen were surveys. [21] 2020 Literature Review Modal Shift to SSS Aperte and Baird [22] 2012 Literature Review MoS Policies in the EU Baird [23] 2007 Literature Review Economics of MoS Baindur and Viegas [24] 2011 Literature Review Challenges to MoS Douet and Cappuccilli [25] 2011 Literature Review A review of EU SSS policies Takman & Gonzalez-Aregall [26] 2023 Literature Review A review of EU freight policies Paixão and Marlow [27] 2002 Literature Review Strengths and Weaknesses of SSS Paixão and Marlow [28] 2007 Literature Review TEN-T impact on SSS Medda and Trujillo [29] 2010 Literature Review SSS determinants Suárez-Alemán [30] 2016 Literature Review SSS in today's Europe Psaraftis and Zis [31] 2020 Literature Review EU policies for SSS Brooks and Frost [32] 2004 Literature Review SSS in Canada Mustafa et al [33] 2010 Literature Review SSS in Canada-Regulatory Issues Brooks and Trifts [34] 2008 Literature Review SSS in North America Brooks et al [35] 2014 Literature Review SSS in South America Konstantinus et al [36] 2019 Literature Review SSS in SADC: Barriers Park et al [37] 2021 Literature Review SSS in Northeast Asia Arof and Zakaria [38] 2020 Literature Review SSS in Southeast Asia Brooks et al [39] 2012 Literature Review SSS in Australia Bendall and Brooks [40] 2011 Literature Review SSS in Australia Tadros et al [41] 2023 Literature Review Green Shipping Psaraftis [42] 2012 Literature Review MBMs for GHG emissions Ghaderi [43] 2019 Literature Review Automation in SSS Murray et al [44] 2022 Literature Review Artificial Intelligence in Shipping Ziajka-Poznańska and Montewka [45] 2021 Literature Review Cost and Benefits of Autonomous Shipping…”

Section: Description Of Papers Analysedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the operating costs that is mentioned in [56] and was brought on by the stricter regulations could have resulted in the termination of some routes due to the loss of their economic viability, and a modal shift towards either road or rail alternatives could have happened, which is against the EU goals. In [41], a review is provided of the current regulations and existing technologies that assist the maritime industry in the process of decarbonization, covering hull design, propulsion systems, new clean fuels and treatment systems, power systems and ship operation. In this review, it is stated that marine diesel engines have shown progress towards decarbonization, particularly dual-fuel engines, which use a small amount of diesel to perform the ignition and then use alternative fuels as the main fuel.…”

Section: The Decarbonisation Challenge For Short Sea Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short Sea Shipping in the Age of Sustainability, Autonomous Navigation and Digitalization

Batista Santos,

Santos

2024

JMSE

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This paper presents the comprehensive state-of-the-art on the challenges that short sea shipping currently faces across the world. The concept and its relationship with coastal shipping are introduced, followed by a review of the EU policies for short sea shipping and its practical impacts in modal split. A survey of the literature on the strong and weak points of this form of transportation is carried out, aimed at explaining the difficulties in achieving relevant modal shifts from road to sea. The experience with short sea shipping across the world is described and discussed, providing a global perspective. The paper then discusses the main challenges and opportunities in this field, namely decarbonisation, autonomous navigation, and digitalization. Conclusions are drawn on the possible impact of these game changing developments in this segment of the shipping industry.

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Section: Description Of Papers Analysedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Decarbonisation Challenge For Short Sea Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Sea Shipping in the Age of Sustainability, Autonomous Navigation and Digitalization

Batista Santos,

Santos

2024

JMSE

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“…Other technologies can lower the limit of WH temperature such as organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) [15], Kalina cycles (KCs) [16], and Isobaric Expansion Engines [17] that can produce power from low-medium temperatures. Table 1 summarizes WHR technologies that can produce power from WH with some characteristics such as their temperature range, recovery source, capacity, and efficiency [11,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis and Economic Assessment of Organic Rankine Cycle Integrated with Thermoelectric Generator Onboard Container Ship

Elkafas

2024

Processes

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In July 2023, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) presented an updated strategy for decarbonizing maritime transport and achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It is therefore imperative to explore innovative solutions to achieve a blue economy and maximize energy efficiency on-board ships. For this reason, the current study aims to integrate the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) on board a container ship to generate electrical energy and reduce fuel consumption. The combined system will benefit from the waste heat of a marine diesel engine installed on board. The current study uses R245fa as the organic liquid and analyzes the effects of varying the evaporation pressure on the energetic and economic performance indicators by modeling the combined system in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The results show that the energy efficiency of the ORC system increases from 12.3% at 3.5 bar to 17.3% at 8 bar. In comparison, the energy efficiency of the TEG unit is 6.9% at different evaporation pressures. In addition, the energy efficiency of the TEG-ORC system is 18.3% with an output of 1386 kW at 8 bar, which is an increase of 30.5% compared to the value at 3.5 bar. This generated power reduces fuel consumption by around 1580 ton/year. From an economic point of view, the energy production cost of the combined system is USD 618/kWh and USD 614/kWh at the lowest and maximum evaporation pressure, respectively. Fuel costs and CO2 tax expenditures could be reduced by up to USD 1.169 million/year and USD 0.47 million/year, respectively, through the combined TEG-ORC system.

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“…So that it can produce an adequate work plan and execution as well as minimum risk for the industry. One solution to deal with problems related to the emergence of new regulations for the Ballast Water Treatment System on old ships is retrofits [15] [17], where the design and components of the Ballast Treatment are inserted into the existing system but must not interfere with the performance and space of other systems. In this retrofit process, there are various processes that must be designed in such a way as to produce output that is in accordance with policy and meets international class criteria for ship classification, such as BKI class institutions, Lloyds register, DNV and so on depends on the which class of the ships registered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Considerations for a Ballast Water Treatment System (BWTS) Retrofits: A Review

Sari,

Gunawan

2024

Kapal

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As a country that has more than half of the country's total territorial waters, Indonesia is highly dependent on shipping activities. Therefore, knowledge of policy updates for each ship from IMO must also be taken into account, one of which is the policy regarding the Ballast Water Management System, which requires every ship to be installed with a Ballast Water Treatment System in order to achieve the goal of a green environment in voyage areas by inhibiting the spread of microorganisms that endanger the area that is caused by ballast water. This regulatory update then creates problems, especially for ships that have been operating for a long time, because the ship has to comply with the standards for D-1 and then also have to comply with the D-2 standards according to the time specified in the convention. So, this review article will discuss the solution to the issues with retrofitting ballast water treatment systems as the addition of a new system to the existing system on a ship that has sailed and pay attention to conceptual aspects consisting of considerations and operations to find the type of ballast water treatment that suits each ship's needs by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology type method. There is also consideration for several stages that are commonly used to determine the type of treatment, starting with assessment and planning requirements, selection of space, compliance with BWMS regulations, selection of the ballast water treatment system method, engineering drawing, installation planning, and commissioning. Apart from that, several related innovation considerations were also discussed, including the development of alternative treatment technology, which has the potential for efficiency both in operational aspects and safety standards. Based on research developments, retrofitting the Ballast Water Treatment System with the ultra-violet (UV) treatment is well known as the common treatment beside the electrolysis treatment. The results obtained show that the ultra-violet (UV) method is one of the most efficient treatments when viewed from the way it works and the time duration for the treatment process. This proves that ultra-violet treatment can produce maximum efficiency if the selection of needs and consideration of maximized aspects also exceed the safety aspect as well.

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Review of current regulations, available technologies, and future trends in the green shipping industry

Cited by 56 publications

References 333 publications

Short Sea Shipping in the Age of Sustainability, Autonomous Navigation and Digitalization

Short Sea Shipping in the Age of Sustainability, Autonomous Navigation and Digitalization

Thermodynamic Analysis and Economic Assessment of Organic Rankine Cycle Integrated with Thermoelectric Generator Onboard Container Ship

Systematic Considerations for a Ballast Water Treatment System (BWTS) Retrofits: A Review

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