Review of Design of Smoke Management Systems

Klote, John H; Milke, James A.; Beyler, Craig L.

doi:10.1177/104239159300500105

Cited by 40 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Smoke management methods include compartmentation, dilution, pressurization, airflow and buoyancy [Klote and Milke 1992]. CONTAMW has been used to analyze many of these smoke management techniques.…”

Section: Smoke Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CONTAMW is a valuable tool that can be very useful in designing and analyzing smoke management systems. Its use still requires the judgment of a skilled fire protection engineer familiar with smoke management design techniques such as outlined by Klote & Milke [1992]. It is also important that the engineer is aware of the limitations of CONTAMW in capturing the near-field smoke transport phenomenon such as buoyancy driven flows due to the heat of the fire [Ferriera 1998].…”

Section: Smoke Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NIST multizone modeling website

Dols¹

2001

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This report presents an overview of the NIST Multizone Modeling Website developed by the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Multizone modeling refers to the calculation of airflows, pressure differences and contaminant transport between zones and across the envelope of a building based on a simplified macro-representation of the building. This website was established to foster the development and facilitate the application of multizone ventilation and indoor environmental modeling in the areas of building design, operation, maintenance, investigation and research. The main component of this website is the multizone airflow and ventilation modeling software CONTAMW. Within this website you will find software tools for performing multizone analysis, including CONTAMW; CONTAMW data input libraries; information on the applications of multizone modeling; multizone modeling case studies; and references to multizone modeling publications.Key Words: airflow analysis; building technology; computer programs; contaminant dispersal; indoor air quality; multizone analysis; smoke control; ventilation; website iii DisclaimerThe Department of Commerce makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of the software provided on this website, and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of the software provided on this website assume sole responsibility under Federal and State law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using the software provided on this website.Users are warned that this software is intended for use only by persons competent in the field of airflow and contaminant dispersal in buildings and is intended only to supplement the judgment of the qualified user. The computer programs described in this report are prototype methodologies for computing the airflows and contaminant migration in a buildings. The calculations are based upon a simplified model of the complexity of real buildings. These simplifications must be understood and considered by the user.Certain trade names and company products are mentioned in the text or identified in an illustration in order to adequately specify the equipment used. In no case does such an identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. .........................................................................................................................20 6 Future Plans ............................................................................................................................20 7 References...............................................................................................................................21 Acknowledgments ..........................................

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Section: Smoke Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoke Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIST multizone modeling website

Dols¹

2001

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“…Tamura also measured the amount of air leakage of the building envelope and other components of office buildings and presented airtightness performance data of each component of the buildings studied [10][11][12] . Klote reported the results of a study on smoke management considering the stack effect 13) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Revolving Door Use as a Countermeasure to the Stack Effect in Buildings

Lee¹,

2017

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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Efficient control of ventilation and cooling/heating systems in buildings is integral to making adjustments to indoor environments and to minimizing energy use. In high-rise buildings, however, the stack effect is generated through vertical shafts in the buildings, and the air flow due to the stack effect greatly affects the efficiency of air-conditioning systems used for ventilation, cooling, and heating. Therefore, attenuating the stack effect in high-rise buildings is a critical aspect of HVAC operations as well as a solution for direct problems related to the stack effect, such as high-velocity draft, high-level noise in the buildings, and so on.In general, as a method to attenuate the stack effect in high-rise buildings, revolving doors are installed at the lobby entrance. However, while this method may be effective on the floors where revolving doors are applied, the efficiency is very low when considering the entire building due to the existence of many air flow paths and the fact that revolving doors applied to only part of a building can control only a portion of the air flow. Numerical simulation analysis was performed in this study to quantitatively examine the stack effect attenuation characteristics of revolving doors on both a partial building level and for the entire building. In addition, the effects of building height and airtightness on the performance of the building envelope were considered.Keywords: stack effect; revolving door; stack effect attenuation; numerical simulation; high-rise buildings IntroductionSkyscrapers are currently being competitively constructed throughout Asia. As cities are becoming Manhattanized, the possibility of the stack effect in these new high-rise buildings inevitably increases. At the same time, the magnitude of problems created by the stack effect continues to grow. Problems generated by the stack effect in skyscrapers can mainly be divided into problems related to habitability and problems related to the performance of disaster prevention. The problems related to habitability, such as the occurrence of high-velocity drafts and highlevel noise in buildings, the incorrect operation and operational inability of doors, difficulty in controlling indoor cooling/heating environments, and so on, have been recognized as major problems resulting from the stack effect.The diffusion of poisonous gases from a fire is one of the concerns related to disaster prevention. If a fire

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“…This uncertainty, has led the current fire-safety codes to be very restrictive on this matter, 3 which demand numerous goals [2] to be accomplished by the make-up air supply system, such as to be uncontaminated outdoor air or to be supplied from positions below the smoke layer and at low velocity [3], not to disturb the flame and plume. The no fulfilment of these requirements could cause a faulty performance of the fire protection system, specifically of the smoke management system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the fluid dynamics of the make-up inlet air and the prediction of anomalous fire dynamics in a large-scale facility

Gutiérrez-Montes

Sanmiguel‐Rojas

Burgos

et al. 2012

Fire Safety Journal

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The present paper is focused on the fluid dynamics of the make-up air at the vents in case of an atrium fire, its influence on the fire-induced conditions and the necessity of properly model it to obtain an accurate numerical prediction. For this aim, experimental data from two full-scale atrium fire tests conducted in a 20 m cubic facility, with venting conditions involving mechanical smoke exhaust and make-up air velocities larger than 1 m/s, and with different fire powers, are presented. Subsequent numerical simulations of these tests have been performed with the code Fire Dynamics Simulator v5.5.3. Two different approaches have been followed to simulate the make-up air inlet fluid dynamics, involving one domain which only considers the inside of the building and another which includes part of the outside. In the former simulations, anomalous phenomena around the fire appear, while the inclusion of the exterior domain provides with a completely different fluid dynamics inside the facility which agrees better with the experimental data. A detailed analysis of the fluid mechanics at the air inlet vents is conducted to explain these discrepancies. Finally, further simulations are performed varying the make-up area to assess the appearance of the aforementioned phenomenon. University of Jaén Department of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringFluid Mechanics Division 12 th May, 2011 Dear Professor José Torero:Please find enclosed the full-paper "On the Fluid Dynamics of the Make-Up Inlet Air and the Prediction of Anomalous Fire Dynamics in a Large-Scale Facility" for possible publication in the International Journal Fire Safety Journal. The authors have read numerous papers from your journal related to the subject tackled at the present work, which have been source of knowledge, as well as published some research papers in it, and so we think the subject of the present work could fit some of the scopes of this journal and could be of your interest. The authors guarantee the originality of the work and think that contributes to the state-of-the-art of the study of fires within big volume buildings or atria. Specifically, this work is focused on the make-up air influence which is one of the most important issues to take into account when designing smoke exhaust systems. One of the most relevant contributions of this research is the presentation of new experimental data of fires within a new full-scale fire test facility for fire models validations. Additionally, a comparison of these experimental data with predicted results from numerical simulations carried out using one of the most extensively used fire field model, FDS, is presented.Also attached you will find the figures as original graphics files.We would greatly appreciate it if you begin the revision process of the above mentioned paper.Kind regards, Dr. Gutiérrez-Montes.- ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract:The present paper is focused on the fluid dynam...

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Review of Design of Smoke Management Systems

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

NIST multizone modeling website

NIST multizone modeling website

Characteristics of Revolving Door Use as a Countermeasure to the Stack Effect in Buildings

On the fluid dynamics of the make-up inlet air and the prediction of anomalous fire dynamics in a large-scale facility

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