“…Flux switching permanent machine (FSPM) is an emerging class of electrical machines and has attracted widespread attention due to its essentially sinusoidal back electromotive force (back-EMF), better torque capability, high torque density, high efficiency and higher demagnetization tolerance in high-performance drive applications (Ullah et al, 2020a(Ullah et al, , 2020b(Ullah et al, , 2020c(Ullah et al, , 2020dSu et al, 2018;Ali et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2020;Nobahari et al, 2020;Taras et al, 2016). However, economic issues are the main limitation of FSPMs, as their permanent magnet (PM) utilization is relatively weak.…”