Review of dry deposition measurements of ammonia and nitric acid to forest

Andersen, Helle Vibeke; Hovmand, M. F.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00378-8

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Concentrations of HONO were in the order of 0.03 to 0.09 µg m −3 (inter-quartile range), and concentrations of PAN were not measured at the site. Hence, the high importance of tot-NH + 4 and tot-NO − 3 in N r deposition generally recognized (Erisman and Draaijers, 2003;Erisman et al, 2003Erisman et al, , 2005aAndersen and Hovmand, 1999;Asman et al, 1998;Galloway et al, 2008;Sutton et al, 2007) is confirmed by our study. Median diel tot-NH (30).…”

Section: Total N Deposition In September 2007supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Major constituents of dry N r deposition are particulate NH + 4 and NO − 3 and gaseous compounds NH 3 , HNO 3 and to a minor extent also nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitrous acid (HONO), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and nitric oxide (NO) (Andersen and Hovmand, 1999). Surface-atmosphere exchange fluxes of NO and NO 2 measured by eddy covariance at our site were found to be one order of magnitude lower than the fluxes of tot-NH + 4 and tot-NO − 3 (Tsokankunku et al, 2009).…”

Section: Total N Deposition In September 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thomas et al, 2009). Since these prerequisites are often not available, dry deposition is frequently modelled using the inferential method, which is based on the "big leaf multiple resistance approach" (Hertel et al, 2006;Andersen and Hovmand, 1999;Wesely and Hicks, 2000). Typically, the concentration of the chemical species is measured at a single level above the surface and the deposition process is described by resistances, i.e., the aerodynamic resistance (R a ) derived from micrometeorological quantities, the laminar boundary layer resistance (R b ), dependent on the individual species of interest, and the surface resistance (R c ) (or its concentration analogue the canopy compensation point (C 0 ), for example for NH 3 (Farquhar et al, 1980)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nemitz et al, 2004a;Trebs et al, 2006;Sutton et al, 2000). However, parameterisations of the individual resistances are mostly derived for flat homogeneous terrain and low vegetation and may not be adequate for complex sites, like highly structured, hilly, or forested sites (Hertel et al, 2006;Wesely and Hicks, 2000;Andersen and Hovmand, 1999). Additionally, parameterizations of surface related parameters are only valid for certain temperature and humidity ranges, fertilisation state and vegetation types (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From all N r compounds, NH 3 and HNO 3 and their particulate counterparts NH + 4 and NO − 3 are regarded as in the main contributors to atmospheric N r deposition (Andersen and Hovmand, 1999). NH 3 is emitted primarily by agricultural activities, such as volatilization from animal waste and synthetic fertilizers, but also from biomass burning, losses from soils, and fossil fuel combustion (Krupa, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Total ammonium (tot-NH3 ) measured at two levels. Gaseous species and related particulate compounds were measured selectively, simultaneously and continuously above a spruce forest canopy in south-eastern Germany in summer 2007. Measurements were performed using a wetchemical two-point gradient instrument, the GRAEGOR. Median concentrations of NH 3 , HNO 3 , NH + 4 , and NO − 3 were 0.57, 0.12, 0.76, and 0.48 µg m −3 , respectively. Total ammonium and total nitrate fluxes showed large variations depending on meteorological conditions, with concentrations close to zero under humid and cool conditions and higher concentrations under dry conditions. Mean fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate in September 2007 were directed towards the forest canopy and were −65.77 ng m −2 s −1 and −41.02 ng m −2 s −1 (in terms of nitrogen), respectively. Their deposition was controlled by aerodynamic resistances only, with very little influence of surface resistances. Including measurements of wet deposition and findings of former studies on occult deposition (fog water interception) at the study site, the total N deposition in September 2007 was estimated to 5.86 kg ha −1 .

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Section: Total N Deposition In September 2007supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Total N Deposition In September 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

et al. 2010

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Quantification of enrichment processes in throughfall and stemflow in a mixed temperate forest

Grundmann,

Molnar,

Floriancic

2024

Hydrological Processes

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Forest ecosystems depend on throughfall and stemflow fluxes for both water and nutrient input. Spatial and temporal variability of throughfall and stemflow fluxes are large and differ between tree species. The nutrient fluxes that accompany throughfall and stemflow are affected by climate, precipitation intensity, the seasonality of dry deposition, and canopy exchange processes. The interdependence of these factors makes it challenging to quantify changes in throughfall and stemflow amounts as well as their nutrient content. Here, we provide observation‐based evidence from 3.5 years of data collection with 222 rainfall events, of the seasonal variability of throughfall and stemflow magnitude and ion concentrations under a beech (Fagus silvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) tree. Interception and canopy cover were seasonally variable, average annual interception was 53% below beech, 61% below spruce and 68% below young spruce canopies. Further, we assess seasonality of ionic nutrients such as NH4 and NO3 as well as Mg, Ca and K and their dependence on both dry deposition and canopy exchange. Throughfall and stemflow were enriched compared to precipitation, with large differences between ions and different months. Antecedent precipitation was a main control on throughfall and stemflow enrichment. We developed a conceptual model of the potential drivers of throughfall and stemflow enrichment based on our observations. While NH4 and NO3 enrichment are likely dominated by dry deposition and dew and fog accumulation, Mg, Ca and K were additionally affected by canopy exchange. Observation based studies such as this one are needed to understand precipitation and nutrient partitioning across forests, which enables the prediction of how changes in climate and forest composition will affect local hydrology and nutrient inputs into forest ecosystems.

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The Central European Vegetation as the Result of Millennia of Human Activity

Leuschner

Ellenberg

2017

Ecology of Central European Forests

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Review of dry deposition measurements of ammonia and nitric acid to forest

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

Quantification of enrichment processes in throughfall and stemflow in a mixed temperate forest

The Central European Vegetation as the Result of Millennia of Human Activity

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