Review of effective emissions modeling and computation

Paoli, Roberto; Cariolle, D.; Sausen, R.

doi:10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These plume processes are inherently subgrid-scale in multidimensional global models (Schumann and Konopka, 1994;Cariolle et al, 2009;Burkhardt et al, 2010;Paoli et al, 2011). Plume ice cloud models with different degree of complexity for mixing and particle microphysics have been developed (Miake-Lye et al, 1993;Kärcher et al, 1996Kärcher et al, , 2009aBrown et al, 1997;Jensen et al, 1998b;Kärcher, 1998;Meilinger et al, 2005;Naiman et al, 2010), but none of them treats the whole contrail life-cycle from contrail formation until dissipation.…”

Section: U Schumann: Contrail Cirrus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contrail cirrus prediction model

2012

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Abstract.A new model to simulate and predict the properties of a large ensemble of contrails as a function of given air traffic and meteorology is described. The model is designed for approximate prediction of contrail cirrus cover and analysis of contrail climate impact, e.g. within aviation system optimization processes. The model simulates the full contrail life-cycle. Contrail segments form between waypoints of individual aircraft tracks in sufficiently cold and humid air masses. The initial contrail properties depend on the aircraft. The advection and evolution of the contrails is followed with a Lagrangian Gaussian plume model. Mixing and bulk cloud processes are treated quasi analytically or with an effective numerical scheme. Contrails disappear when the bulk ice content is sublimating or precipitating. The model has been implemented in a "Contrail Cirrus Prediction Tool" (CoCiP). This paper describes the model assumptions, the equations for individual contrails, and the analysis-method for contrailcirrus cover derived from the optical depth of the ensemble of contrails and background cirrus. The model has been applied for a case study and compared to the results of other models and in-situ contrail measurements. The simple model reproduces a considerable part of observed contrail properties. Mid-aged contrails provide the largest contributions to the product of optical depth and contrail width, important for climate impact.

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Section: U Schumann: Contrail Cirrus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contrail cirrus prediction model

2012

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“…Stevens et al, 2012). The possibility of employing effective emissions (Paoli et al, 2011), i.e. emissions modified to represent the effect of unresolved processes on the scale of a GCM grid-box, was previously explored by Franke et al (2008).…”

Section: Aerosol-emission Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol indirect effects from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM

et al. 2012

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Abstract. In this study, we employ the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM to globally assess aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) resulting from shipping emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursor gases. We implement shipping emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) for the year 2000 into the model and quantify the model's sensitivity towards uncertainties associated with the emission parameterisation as well as with the shipping emissions themselves. Sensitivity experiments are designed to investigate (i) the uncertainty in the size distribution of emitted particles, (ii) the uncertainty associated with the total amount of emissions, and (iii) the impact of reducing carbonaceous emissions from ships.We use the results from one sensitivity experiment for a detailed discussion of shipping-induced changes in the global aerosol system as well as the resulting impact on cloud properties. From all sensitivity experiments, we find AIEs from shipping emissions to range from −0.32 ± 0.01 W m −2 to −0.07 ± 0.01 W m −2 (global mean value and inter-annual variability as a standard deviation). The magnitude of the AIEs depends much more on the assumed emission size distribution and subsequent aerosol microphysical interactions than on the magnitude of the emissions themselves. It is important to note that although the strongest estimate of AIEs from shipping emissions in this study is relatively large, still much larger estimates have been reported in the literature before on the basis of modelling studies. We find that omitting just carbonaceous particle emissions from ships favours new particle formation in the boundary layer. These newly formed particles contribute just about as much to the CCN budget as the carbonaceous particles would, leaving the globally averaged AIEs nearly unaltered compared to a simulation including carbonaceous particle emissions from ships.

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“…In this approach, the plume effects on a sub-grid scale are represented via a fuel tracer in order to follow the amount of the emitted species in the plume and an effective reaction rate for the ozone production and nitric acid production and destruction during the plume's dilution in the background (Cariolle et al, 2009;Paoli et al, 2011). The parameterization requires a proper estimation of the characteristic plume lifetime, during which the nonlinear interactions between species are important and simulated via specific rates of conversion.…”

Section: General Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling lightning-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> chemistry on a sub-grid scale in a global chemical transport model

et al. 2016

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Abstract. For the first time, a plume-in-grid approach is implemented in a chemical transport model (CTM) to parameterize the effects of the nonlinear reactions occurring within high concentrated NO x plumes from lightning NO x emissions (LNO x ) in the upper troposphere. It is characterized by a set of parameters including the plume lifetime, the effective reaction rate constant related to NO x -O 3 chemical interactions, and the fractions of NO x conversion into HNO 3 within the plume. Parameter estimates were made using the Dynamical Simple Model of Atmospheric Chemical Complexity (DSMACC) box model, simple plume dispersion simulations, and the 3-D Meso-NH (non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model). In order to assess the impact of the LNO x plume approach on the NO x and O 3 distributions on a large scale, simulations for the year 2006 were performed using the GEOS-Chem global model with a horizontal resolution of 2 • × 2.5 • . The implementation of the LNO x parameterization implies an NO x and O 3 decrease on a large scale over the region characterized by a strong lightning activity (up to 25 and 8 %, respectively, over central Africa in July) and a relative increase downwind of LNO x emissions (up to 18 and 2 % for NO x and O 3 , respectively, in July). The calculated variability in NO x and O 3 mixing ratios around the mean value according to the known uncertainties in the parameter estimates is at a maximum over continental tropical regions with NO [−1.18, +1.93] ppb, in July, mainly depending on the determination of the diffusion properties of the atmosphere and the initial NO mixing ratio injected by lightning. This approach allows us (i) to reproduce a more realistic lightning NO x chemistry leading to better NO x and O 3 distributions on the large scale and (ii) to focus on other improvements to reduce remaining uncertainties from processes related to NO x chemistry in CTM.

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Review of effective emissions modeling and computation

Cited by 38 publications

References 71 publications

A contrail cirrus prediction model

A contrail cirrus prediction model

Aerosol indirect effects from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM

Modeling lightning-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> chemistry on a sub-grid scale in a global chemical transport model

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Review of effective emissions modeling and computation

Cited by 38 publications

References 71 publications

A contrail cirrus prediction model

A contrail cirrus prediction model

Aerosol indirect effects from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM

Modeling lightning-NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; chemistry on a sub-grid scale in a global chemical transport model

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Modeling lightning-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> chemistry on a sub-grid scale in a global chemical transport model